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Shloka 41

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

यज्ञश्न परमो धर्मस्तथाहिंसा च देहिषु । अपूर्वभोजनं धर्मो विघसाशित्वमेव च

yajñaśnaḥ paramo dharmas tathāhiṃsā ca dehiṣu | apūrvabhojanaṃ dharmo vighasāśitvam eva ca ||

यज्ञशिष्टाशनं धर्मस्तथाहिंसा च देहिषु। अपूर्वभोजनं धर्मो विघसाशित्वमेव च॥

यज्ञश्नःone who eats (only) sacrificial food
यज्ञश्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयज्ञश्न (यज्ञ + श्न)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परमःsupreme
परमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty; righteousness
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाand also; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अहिंसाnon-violence
अहिंसा:
TypeNoun
Rootअहिंसा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
देहिषुamong embodied beings; in living creatures
देहिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेहिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अपूर्वभोजनम्not eating first (before others)
अपूर्वभोजनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअपूर्वभोजन (अपूर्व + भोजन)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःduty; righteousness
धर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विघसाशित्वम्the state of being a gleaner (eating leftovers)
विघसाशित्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविघसाशित्व (विघसाशी + त्व)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed; only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Mahādeva (Mahāśvara/Śiva)
Y
yajña (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

Dharma for a responsible householder is framed as sanctified consumption and compassionate restraint: treat eating as connected to yajña (not selfish pleasure), avoid harming living beings, and prioritize feeding dependents/others before oneself—ideally eating only what remains (vighasa).

Śrī Mahādeva is instructing on norms of righteous conduct, emphasizing everyday ethics—food, non-violence, and household responsibility—as integral to dharma rather than merely ritual observance.