Shloka 51
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि मन्त्रश्चाथर्वणानि तु / सप्तर्षिभिस्तु ते प्रोक्ताः स्मार्त्तं धर्मं मनुर्जगौ
Transliteration
ṛco yajūṃṣi sāmāni mantraścātharvaṇāni tu / saptarṣibhistu te proktāḥ smārttaṃ dharmaṃ manurjagau
Translation
ऋचः यजूंषि सामानि मन्त्राः अथर्वणानि च; सप्तर्षिभिः ते प्रोक्ताः, स्मार्तं धर्मं मनुः जगौ।
Word by Word
ṛcaḥṚg (hymns)
ṛcaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootṛc (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन — ‘Ṛk-verses’
yajūṃṣiYajus (sacrificial formulas)
yajūṃṣi:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyajus (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘Yajus-formulas’
sāmāniSāman (chants)
sāmāni:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsāman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘Sāman-chants’
mantrāḥmantras
mantrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmantra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
atharvaṇāniAtharvan (Atharva-veda texts)
atharvaṇāni:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootatharvaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘Atharvan (texts)’
tuindeed
tu:
Emphasis/Contrast (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात
sapta-ṛṣibhiḥby the seven sages
sapta-ṛṣibhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootsapta (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्विगु-समास (‘seven sages’); पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन — ‘by the seven sages’
tuindeed
tu:
Emphasis (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात
tethose
te:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘they/those’
proktāḥwere taught/declared
proktāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√vac (वच् धातु) + kta (कृत्)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle/क्त) used predicatively; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘were uttered/taught’
smārttamsmārta (based on smṛti)
smārttam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootsmārta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन — adjective qualifying dharmam
dharmamdharma/law
dharmam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
manuḥManu
manuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmanu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
jagaurecited
jagau:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√gai (गै धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन — ‘sang/recited’