Shloka 5
Pitṛgaṇa-Vibhāga (Classification of the Pitṛs) and the Śrāddha–Soma Nourishment Cycle
Devanagari script
अप्याययन्ति ये नित्यं योगायोगबलेन तु / श्राद्धैराप्यायितास्ते वै सोममाप्याययन्ति च
Transliteration
apyāyayanti ye nityaṃ yogāyogabalena tu / śrāddhairāpyāyitāste vai somamāpyāyayanti ca
Translation
अप्याययन्ति ये नित्यं योगायोगबलेन तु। श्राद्धैराप्यायितास्ते वै सोममाप्याययन्ति च॥
Word by Word
अप्याययन्तिthey nourish/strengthen
अप्याययन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअपि-आ-यै (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada); causative sense ‘to cause to swell/nourish’ (आयै/इ-धातोः प्रेरणार्थ)
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural); सम्बन्धबोधक (relative pronoun)
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formक्रियाविशेषणरूपेण अव्ययीभूत (adverbial accusative: ‘always’)
योगायोगबलेनby the power of yoga and non-yoga
योगायोगबलेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootयोग + अयोग + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (Singular); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (copulative: ‘yoga and ayoga’) + तत्पुरुष-सम्बन्ध (‘by the strength’)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ (but/indeed)
श्राद्धैःby śrāddha rites
श्राद्धैः:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन (Plural)
आप्यायिताःhaving been nourished/satiated
आप्यायिताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; ‘having been nourished’)
TypeVerb
Rootअपि-आ-यै (धातु)
Formक्त (past passive participle/कृदन्त), पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (Plural); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
वैindeed
वै:
Avadharana (अवधारण/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), निश्चयार्थ (emphatic)
सोमम्Soma
सोमम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसोम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन (Singular)
अप्याययन्तिthey nourish
अप्याययन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअपि-आ-यै (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय/coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)