Brahma Purana — Vasiṣṭha on Sāṃkhya: Vidyā–Avidyā, the Twenty-Fifth Principle, and the Akṣara–Kṣara Distinction, Shloka 10
Devanagari script
विद्याविद्ये तु तत्त्वेन मयोक्ते वै विशेषतः अक्षरं च क्षरं चैव यद् उक्तं तन् निबोध मे //
Translation
अस्याध्यायस्य दशमोऽयं श्लोकः पवित्रार्थप्रदः स्मृतः।
Word by Word
vidyāknowledge
vidyā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), द्विवचन (Dual) — (paired with 'avidyā' as a dual subject)
avidyāignorance
avidyā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootavidyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), द्विवचन (Dual) — (paired with 'vidyā')
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (Indeclinable), निपात (particle) — contrast/emphasis
tattvenain essence; by the truth
tattvena:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Roottattva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
mayāby me
mayā:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम (1st person pronoun), तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन (Singular)
ukte(have been) stated
ukte:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत्) → ukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), द्विवचन (Dual) — agrees with 'vidyā-avidye' as 'spoken/said'
vaiindeed
vai:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, निपात (emphatic particle)
viśeṣataḥespecially; in particular
viśeṣataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootviśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तसिल्)
Formअव्यय (Adverb), तसिल्-प्रत्यय (ablatival adverb)
akṣaramthe imperishable
akṣaram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootakṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)
kṣaramthe perishable
kṣaram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चय (conjunction)
evajust/indeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण (restrictive/emphatic particle)
yatwhat/that which
yat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular) — relative pronoun
uktamhas been said
uktam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत्) → ukta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formकृदन्त (Past passive participle, क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular) — correlative to 'yat'
nibodhaunderstand; grasp
nibodha:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootbudh (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
mefrom me / my
me:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Beneficiary)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th) एकवचन (Singular) — enclitic
Speaker
Vasiṣṭha to the king (teacher transitions to next doctrinal pair).