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Shloka 18

Viśvarūpa’s Death, Vṛtrāsura’s Manifestation, and the Devas’ Surrender to Nārāyaṇa

येनावृता इमे लोकास्तपसा त्वाष्ट्रमूर्तिना । स वै वृत्र इति प्रोक्त: पाप: परमदारुण: ॥ १८ ॥

yenāvṛtā ime lokās tapasā tvāṣṭra-mūrtinā sa vai vṛtra iti proktaḥ pāpaḥ parama-dāruṇaḥ

तपसा त्वाष्ट्रमूर्तिना येनावृता इमे लोकाः, स एव परमदारुणः पापो दैत्यः ‘वृत्र’ इति प्रोक्तः—यः सर्वं वृणोति।

येनby whom
येन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण) एकवचन; relative pronoun ‘by whom/with which’
आवृताःwere covered/enveloped
आवृताः:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√वृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; agrees with ‘लोकाः’
इमेthese
इमे:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; demonstrative qualifying ‘लोकाः’
लोकाःworlds
लोकाः:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन; means/agency
त्वाष्ट्र-मूर्तिनाwith the form (born) of Tvaṣṭṛ
त्वाष्ट्र-मूर्तिना:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वाष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक) + मूर्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध: ‘Tvaṣṭṛ’s form’), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन
सःhe
सः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)
वृत्रःVṛtra
वृत्रः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; proper name
इतिthus
इति:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Quotative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/इत्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative marker)
प्रोक्तःwas called
प्रोक्तः:
क्रिया (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘was called/said’
पापःsinful
पापः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; adjective to ‘सः/वृत्रः’
परम-दारुणःmost dreadful
परम-दारुणः:
विशेषण (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम (प्रातिपदिक) + दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘supremely terrible’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; adjective to ‘वृत्रः’

In the Vedas it is said, sa imāḻ lokān āvṛṇot tad vṛtrasya vṛtratvam: because the demon covered all the planetary systems, his name was Vṛtrāsura.

V
Vṛtra (Vṛtrāsura)
T
Tvaṣṭā

FAQs

Vṛtra is the formidable being born through Tvaṣṭā’s agency, whose immense ascetic power obstructed the worlds; hence he is called “Vṛtra,” the obstructor.

Because by his tapas and power he “covered” or blocked the worlds—creating obstruction—so he is designated Vṛtra, meaning one who restrains or obstructs.

Tapas is powerful and results are real; the verse cautions that strength gained through discipline should be guided by dharma and devotion, otherwise it can become destructive and harmful to others.