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Srimad Bhagavatam — Panchama Skandha, Shloka 1

Kāla-cakra and the Motions of the Sun, Moon, Stars, and Grahas

Bhāgavata Jyotiṣa Framework

राजोवाच यदेतद्भ‍गवत आदित्यस्य मेरुं ध्रुवं च प्रदक्षिणेन परिक्रामतो राशीनामभिमुखं प्रचलितं चाप्रदक्षिणं भगवतोपवर्णितममुष्य वयं कथमनुमिमीमहीति ॥ १ ॥

rājovāca yad etad bhagavata ādityasya meruṁ dhruvaṁ ca pradakṣiṇena parikrāmato rāśīnām abhimukhaṁ pracalitaṁ cāpradakṣiṇaṁ bhagavatopavarṇitam amuṣya vayaṁ katham anumimīmahīti.

राजोवाच—भगवन्, भवान् पूर्वमेव आदित्यस्य ध्रुवलोकं मेरुं च प्रदक्षिणेन परिक्रामतः सत्यं व्याख्यातवान्; तथापि स राशीनामभिमुखः सन् मेरुं ध्रुवं च वामभागे धारयन् इव दृश्यते। कथं नु एतद् उभयतः दक्षिणवामभावं युक्त्या वयं मन्यामहे? ॥

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता/speaker)
TypeNoun
Rootrājan (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
यत्which
यत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); सम्बन्धक (relative pronoun)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/correlative)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); निर्देशक (demonstrative)
भगवतःof the Lord
भगवतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
आदित्यस्यof the Sun (Āditya)
आदित्यस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootāditya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
मेरुम्Mount Meru
मेरुम्:
Karma (कर्म/object of parikrāmataḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootmeru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
ध्रुवम्Dhruva (Pole Star)
ध्रुवम्:
Karma (कर्म/object of parikrāmataḥ)
TypeNoun
Rootdhruva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
प्रदक्षिणेनclockwise
प्रदक्षिणेन:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययभावे तृतीया (instrumental used adverbially): ‘clockwise/rightward’
परिक्रामतःof (him) circling around
परिक्रामतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/participial qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpari-kram (धातु) → parikrāmat (कृदन्त, शतृ-प्रत्यय present active participle)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); शतृ (PAP) used as genitive absolute/possessive: ‘of (the Sun) who is circling’
राशीनाम्of the zodiacal signs
राशीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootrāśi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)
अभिमुखम्towards/facing
अभिमुखम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeAdjective
Rootabhimukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन (Singular); क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial accusative) qualifying ‘प्रचलितम्’
प्रचलितम्moving, proceeding
प्रचलितम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-cal (धातु) → pracalita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय PPP)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); क्त (PPP)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (conjunction)
अप्रदक्षिणम्counterclockwise/not rightward
अप्रदक्षिणम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootapradakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); नञ्-समास/उपसर्ग: ‘not clockwise’
भगवताby the Lord (Śuka/authority)
भगवता:
Karana (करण/agent-instrument in passive)
TypeNoun
Rootbhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)
उपवर्णितम्described
उपवर्णितम्:
Karma (कर्म/predicate content)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa-varṇ (धातु) → upavarṇita (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय PPP)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); क्त (PPP)
अमुष्यof that (matter/phenomenon)
अमुष्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootadas (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); ‘of that (one)’
वयम्we
वयम्:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
कथम्how
कथम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/interrogative)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (interrogative adverb)
अनुमिमीमहिcan we infer/understand
अनुमिमीमहि:
Kriya (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootanu-mā (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), बहुवचन (Plural)
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotation end)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (quotative particle)
K
King Parīkṣit
S
Sūta (Sun-god/Āditya)
D
Dhruva
M
Mount Meru

FAQs

In this verse, King Parīkṣit highlights the Bhagavatam’s description that the Sun circumambulates Meru and Dhruvaloka clockwise, yet appears to have a counterclockwise motion relative to the zodiacal signs—prompting a request for clarification.

Because the cosmological description seems paradoxical: the Sun is said to circle Meru and Dhruva clockwise, but its observed relation to the rāśis (zodiacal signs) appears opposite; Parīkṣit asks the sage to reconcile these viewpoints.

It encourages intellectual humility: complex truths may look contradictory from different reference points, so one should inquire carefully, seek proper explanation, and avoid hasty conclusions.