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Shloka 4

Govardhana-pūjā: Kṛṣṇa Redirects Indra-yajña to Worship of Govardhana, Cows, and Brāhmaṇas

एतद् ब्रूहि महान् कामो मह्यं शुश्रूषवे पित: । न हि गोप्यं हि साधूनां कृत्यं सर्वात्मनामिह । अस्त्यस्वपरद‍ृष्टीनाममित्रोदास्तविद्विषाम् ॥ ४ ॥

etad brūhi mahān kāmo mahyaṁ śuśrūṣave pitaḥ na hi gopyaṁ hi sadhūnāṁ kṛtyaṁ sarvātmanām iha asty asva-para-dṛṣṭīnām amitrodāsta-vidviṣām

एतद् ब्रूहि, तात; मह्यं शुश्रूषवे महान् कामः। साधूनां सर्वात्मनाम् इह कृत्यं न गोप्यम्—ये न स्वपरदृष्टयः, न मित्रशत्रूदासीनभेदविद्विषः।

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—द्वितीया (Accusative); वचनम्—एकवचन
ब्रूहिtell
ब्रूहि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलकारः—लोट् (Imperative); पुरुषः—मध्यम (2nd); वचनम्—एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; धातुः—ब्रू; अर्थः—‘tell/say’
महान्great
महान्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—प्रथमा; वचनम्—एकवचन; ‘महान्’ qualifies ‘कामः’
कामःdesire
कामः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—प्रथमा; वचनम्—एकवचन
मह्यम्to me
मह्यम्:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; विभक्तिः—चतुर्थी (Dative); वचनम्—एकवचन
शुश्रूषवेto (me) who am eager to listen
शुश्रूषवे:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुश्रूषु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण (desiderative noun/adjective); पुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—चतुर्थी (Dative); वचनम्—एकवचन; ‘one who wishes to listen/serve’
पितःO father
पितः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—सम्बोधन; वचनम्—एकवचन
not
:
Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात (negation)
हिindeed
हि:
Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधान/हेतु-निपात (emphatic/causal particle: ‘indeed/for’)
गोप्यम्secret; to be concealed
गोप्यम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootगोप्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—प्रथमा; वचनम्—एकवचन; predicate adjective with ‘कृत्यम्’
हिindeed
हि:
Particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (emphasis)
साधूनाम्of the virtuous
साधूनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसाधु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—षष्ठी (Genitive); वचनम्—बहुवचन
कृत्यम्duty; what is to be done
कृत्यम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—प्रथमा; वचनम्—एकवचन
सर्वात्मनाम्of those who are of all beings (broad-minded); of the universal-souled
सर्वात्मनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootसर्व + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): ‘सर्वेषां आत्मा’/‘सर्वात्मन्’; पुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—षष्ठी; वचनम्—बहुवचन
इहhere
इह:
Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of place: ‘here’)
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formलकारः—लट् (Present); पुरुषः—प्रथम; वचनम्—एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; धातुः—अस्
अस्वपरदृष्टीनाम्of those who do not see (difference between) self and others
अस्वपरदृष्टीनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअ + स्व + पर + दृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासः (determinative): ‘स्व’ ‘पर’ ‘दृष्टि’ with privative ‘अ-’ = ‘not seeing self and other (as different)’; बहुवचन-षष्ठी; लिङ्गम्—स्त्रीलिङ्ग (दृष्टि); विभक्तिः—षष्ठी; वचनम्—बहुवचन
अमित्रोदास्तविद्विषाम्of enemies, neutrals, and haters
अमित्रोदास्तविद्विषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र + उदासीन + विद्विष् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमाहार/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (copulative): ‘अमित्र’ + ‘उदासीन’ + ‘विद्विष्’; पुंलिङ्ग; विभक्तिः—षष्ठी; वचनम्—बहुवचन; meaning: ‘of (those who are) enemies, neutrals, and haters’

Lord Kṛṣṇa’s father might have thought that his son was a mere child and thus could not properly question the validity of a Vedic sacrifice. But the Lord’s clever statement here would certainly have convinced Nanda that Śrī Kṛṣṇa was making a serious, not a whimsical, inquiry and that a serious answer should thus be given.

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
N
Nanda Mahārāja

FAQs

This verse describes sādhus as sarvātmanām—well-wishers of all—who see others without the duality of ‘mine’ and ‘yours,’ and who are free from enmity and hatred.

Krishna wanted Nanda to explain the annual sacrifice and its purpose, setting the stage for redirecting the community’s worship toward Govardhana and dharma-based devotion rather than fear-based ritualism.

Practice reducing “us vs. them” thinking—serve and listen with humility, act for the welfare of others, and avoid hatred or rivalry while pursuing truth through respectful inquiry.