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Shloka 41

Matsya-avatāra: The Lord as Fish Saves the Vedas and Guides Satyavrata

तत: समुद्र उद्वेल: सर्वत: प्लावयन् महीम् । वर्धमानो महामेघैर्वर्षद्भ‍ि: समद‍ृश्यत ॥ ४१ ॥

tataḥ samudra udvelaḥ sarvataḥ plāvayan mahīm vardhamāno mahā-meghair varṣadbhiḥ samadṛśyata

ततः समुद्र उद्वेलः सर्वतः प्लावयन् महीम्। वर्धमानो महामेघैर्वर्षद्भिः समदृश्यत॥

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Kāla/Anantarya (काल/अनन्तर्य)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपादान/कालवाचक (thereupon/then)
समुद्रःthe ocean
समुद्रः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसमुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन
उद्वेलःoverflowing, surging
उद्वेलः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्वेल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of ‘समुद्रः’)
सर्वतःon all sides
सर्वतः:
Deśa (देश)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place: on all sides)
प्लावयन्flooding, inundating
प्लावयन्:
Kriyā (सहायक/समकालिक)
TypeVerb
Root√प्लु (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; causative sense ‘to flood’ (प्लावयति)
महीम्the earth
महीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमही (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन
वर्धमानःgrowing, increasing
वर्धमानः:
Kriyā (सहायक/समकालिक)
TypeVerb
Root√वृध् (धातु)
Formशानच्-प्रत्यय (present middle participle), पुंलिङ्ग प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘increasing’
महामेघैःby great clouds
महामेघैः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमहा + मेघ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (great clouds)
वर्षद्भिःby (clouds) raining
वर्षद्भिः:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeVerb
Root√वृष् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle) used substantively; पुंलिङ्ग तृतीया बहुवचन; ‘raining’
समदृश्यतwas seen, appeared
समदृश्यत:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्+√दृश् (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past); प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

FAQs

This verse describes the deluge: the ocean overflows and, along with heavy rains from massive clouds, floods the earth everywhere—setting the scene for the Lord’s saving intervention.

The rising waters establish the urgency and scale of destruction, highlighting that only divine guidance and protection can preserve life and sacred knowledge during pralaya.

It reminds a seeker that worldly stability can change suddenly; cultivating surrender, steadiness in dharma, and devotion to the Lord is the secure refuge amid life’s upheavals.