Sutra 5

Devanagari script

ग्रामारण्योपजीविव्रजवणिक्पथानुपालनमुज्झितापसृतापकारिणां चार्पणमिति सान्त्वमाचरेत् ॥ कZ_०७.१६.०५ ॥

Transliteration

grāmāraṇyopajīvivrajavaṇikpathānupālanam ujjhitāpasṛtāpakāriṇāṃ cārpaṇam iti sāntvam ācaret

Translation

ग्रामारण्योपजीविव्रजवणिक्पथानुपालनम्, उज्झितापसृतापकारिणां च अर्पणम्—इति सान्त्वम् आचरेत्।

Word by Word

• ग्राम-अरण्य-उपजीवि-व्रज-वणिक्-पथ-अनुपालनम्: protection/guarding of villages, forests and their dependents, cattle-herds, merchants, and roads
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनु√पाल् (पालन)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (सन्दर्भे कर्मपदम्)

• उज्झित-अपसृत-अपकारिणाम्: of those who have been expelled, who have fled, and who commit harm (malefactors)
• Type: Noun (adjectival compound)
• Root: √हā (उज्झित), अप√सृ (अपसृत), √कृ (अपकारिन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग? (जनसमूहवाचक), बहुवचन, षष्ठी (—आम्)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• अर्पणम्: handing over / surrender (of such offenders)
• Type: Noun
• Root: √ऋ (अर्पण)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (कर्मपदम्)

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: इत्यर्थ-निर्देशक अव्यय (उद्धरण/परामर्श-समाप्ति)

• सान्त्वम्: conciliation / persuasion (the ‘sāma’ policy)
• Type: Noun
• Root: √सान्त्व् (सान्त्व)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, प्रथमा (विधेय/उपाय-नाम)

• आचरेत्: should practice / should employ
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√चर्
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• villages
• forest-dependent communities
• pastoral camps (vraja)
• merchants
• trade routes
• offenders/defectors

More Details

FAQs

Why are merchants and routes explicitly included under sāma?

Protecting commerce signals benevolent governance, stabilizes revenue flows, and reduces incentives for banditry or rebellion.

What is the administrative meaning of 'arpana' of offenders?

A controlled return policy—conditional acceptance to reduce opposition manpower and restore order without continuous coercion.