HomeRamayanaSundara KandaSarga 58Shloka 148
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Shloka 148

सुन्दरकाण्डे अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः

हनुमद्वृत्तान्तकथनम्, सीताभिज्ञान-प्रदानम्, लङ्कादाह-वर्णनम्

सुमहत्यपराधेऽपि दूतस्यातुलविक्रमः।विरूपकरणं दृष्टं न वधोऽस्तीति शास्त्रतः।।।।

sumahaty aparādhe 'pi dūtasya atulavikramaḥ | virūpakaraṇaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ na vadho 'stīti śāstrataḥ ||

«О муж несравненной доблести: даже если посол совершит тяжкое преступление, по шастрам дозволено лишь обезобразить его, но не казнить.»

su-mahativery great
su-mahati:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण) (as qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu-mahat (प्रातिपदिक; components: su + mahat)
Formअव्ययीभाव-समास (su + mahat); नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग? here with aparādhe: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण of aparādhe
aparādhein an offence
aparādhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Context)
TypeNoun
Rootaparādha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)
apieven
api:
Sambandha-bodhaka (Concession marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-कार (concessive particle): ‘even’
dūtasyaof the messenger
dūtasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootdūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular)
atula-vikramaḥ(the messenger) of immeasurable prowess
atula-vikramaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootatula-vikrama (प्रातिपदिक; components: atula + vikrama)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘immeasurable-valour’); पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); दूतस्य इत्यन्वयः (the messenger is of such valour)
virūpa-karaṇammutilation, disfigurement
virūpa-karaṇam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject) (of dṛṣṭam)
TypeNoun
Rootvirūpa-karaṇa (प्रातिपदिक; components: virūpa + karaṇa)
Formकर्मधारय-समास (‘disfigurement-making’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
dṛṣṭamis prescribed/seen
dṛṣṭam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
vadhaḥkilling
vadhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvadha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
astiis
asti:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
itithus
iti:
Vākyopasaṃhāra (Quotation marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formउक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
śāstrataḥaccording to the scriptures
śāstrataḥ:
Pramāṇa/Hetu (प्रमाण/हेतु—authority)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootśāstra (प्रातिपदिक) + tasil (तसिल्)
Formतसिलन्त-अव्यय (ablatival adverb): ‘from/according to the śāstra’

'O Ravana of immeasurable courage! even if the emissary has done any kind of harm he may be mutilated but not murdered. Nowhere do the sastras allow killing (of an ambassador).

V
Vibhīṣaṇa
R
Rāvaṇa
D
Dūta
Ś
Śāstra

FAQs

Proportional justice under śāstra: punishment must respect protected roles (like envoys) and must not cross into unlawful killing.

Vibhīṣaṇa continues his legal-ethical argument, distinguishing permissible punishment from forbidden execution.

Vibhīṣaṇa’s integrity as a counselor grounded in śāstra and restraint.