Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 25, Shloka 11

सीताविलापः

Sita’s Lament amid Rākṣasī Threats

Devanagari script

हा रामेति च दुःखार्ता हा पुनर्लक्ष्मणेति च।हा श्वश्रु मम कौसल्ये हा सुमित्रेति भामिनी।।5.25.11।।

Transliteration

hā rāmeti ca duḥkhārtā hā punar lakṣmaṇeti ca |

hā śvaśru mama kausalyē hā sumitrēti bhāminī ||5.25.11||

Translation

В муке сияющая дева воскликнула: «О, Рама!», и снова: «О, Лакшмана!» — «О, свекровь моя Каушалья! О, Сумитра!»

Word by Word

• हा: alas!
• हा: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हा (अव्यय)
• Form: Exclamation/interjection (उद्गार-अव्यय)

• राम: O Rama
• राम: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8th), Singular (एकवचन)

• इति: thus/“...”,
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• दुःखार्ता: afflicted with sorrow
• दुःखार्ता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःख-आर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1st), Singular (एकवचन); adjective qualifying implied ‘she’ (सीता)

• हा: alas!
• हा: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हा (अव्यय)
• Form: Exclamation/interjection (उद्गार-अव्यय)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Kriya-visheshaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय)

• लक्ष्मण: O Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मण: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8th), Singular (एकवचन)

• इति: thus/“...”,
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• हा: alas!
• हा: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हा (अव्यय)
• Form: Exclamation/interjection (उद्गार-अव्यय)

• श्वश्रु: O mother-in-law
• श्वश्रु: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वश्रू (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8th), Singular (एकवचन)

• मम: my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी/6th), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• कौसल्ये: O Kausalya
• कौसल्ये: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कौसल्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8th), Singular (एकवचन)

• हा: alas!
• हा: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हा (अव्यय)
• Form: Exclamation/interjection (उद्गार-अव्यय)

• सुमित्रे: O Sumitra
• सुमित्रे: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमित्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन/8th), Singular (एकवचन)

• इति: thus/“...”,
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इति-प्रयोग)

• भामिनी: the lady (Sita)
• भामिनी: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भामिनी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1st), Singular (एकवचन)

Context

'The bright, beautiful Sita began to wail, alas, "Rama! alas, Lakshmana! alas, my mother-in-law, Kausalya! alas, Sumitra!

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• Kauśalyā
• Sumitrā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as fidelity to rightful relationships: Sītā’s heart turns to her husband, his brother, and her elders—bonds governed by truth and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Overwhelmed in captivity, Sītā laments by calling out the names of her closest family.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Devotion and familial reverence: she remembers and honors husband, brother-in-law, and mothers-in-law even in despair.