Shloka 4

सीतावियोगे रामस्य विलापः

Rama’s Lament and Inquiry on Sita’s Disappearance

Devanagari script

यां विना नोत्सहे वीर मुहूर्तमपि जीवितुम्।क्व सा प्राणसहाया मे सीता सुरसुतोपमा।।।।

Transliteration

yāṃ vinā notsahe vīra muhūrtam api jīvitum |

kva sā prāṇasahāyā me sītā surasutopamā ||

Translation

О витязь, без неё я не в силах жить и мгновения. Где Сита, опора моей жизни, сияющая, словно дева небесная?

Word by Word

• याम्: whom
• याम्: अपादान/वियोग (Separation with vinā)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धवाचक (relative pronoun)

• विना: without
• विना: सम्बन्ध (Relational marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: उपपद-अव्यय governing द्वितीया; ‘without’

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation particle)

• उत्सहे: I am able / I dare
• उत्सहे: क्रिया (Main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्सह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; with न = ‘I am not able’

• वीर: O hero
• वीर: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन

• मुहूर्तम्: for a moment
• मुहूर्तम्: कालाधिकरण (Temporal extent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुहूर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कालवाचक (time-accusative)

• अपि: even
• अपि: निपात (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle) = ‘even/also’

• जीवितुम्: to live
• जीवितुम्: प्रयोजन/पूरक (Complement of utsahe)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन् (Infinitive), ‘to live’

• क्व: where?
• क्व: प्रश्न (Interrogative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: क्व (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय

• सा: she
• सा: विषय (Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्राणसहाया: support of (my) life
• प्राणसहाया: विशेषण (Qualifier of सीता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्राण + सहाया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘प्राणेषु सहाया’ (support of life)

• मे: my
• मे: सम्बन्ध (Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, एकवचन; enclitic

• सीता: Sita
• सीता: विषय (Subject/topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सुरसुतोपमा: like a god’s daughter
• सुरसुतोपमा: विशेषण (Qualifier of सीता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरसुत + उपमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: ‘सुरसुतायाः उपमा’ (like a god’s daughter)

Context

You have definitely done a great mistake by leaving Sita alone in the forest. This has given a chance to the cruel demons to wreak revenge.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Sita

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse frames marital dharma as profound mutual dependence and responsibility—Rama’s life-purpose is intertwined with protecting Sītā, not merely personal attachment but a duty-bound bond.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama’s fear escalates as Sītā is missing; he expresses that life without her is unendurable and presses Lakṣmaṇa for answers.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s unwavering commitment and protective love, highlighting constancy (niṣṭhā) in relationships.