Shloka 28

उत्पातदर्शनं खरसैन्यसमागमश्च

Omens of calamity and the approach of Khara’s army

Devanagari script

सिंहनादं विसृजतामन्योन्यमभिगर्जताम्।चापानि विस्फ़ारयतां जृम्भतामप्यभीक्ष्णशः।।।।विप्रघुष्टस्वनानां च दुन्धुभींश्चापि निघ्नताम्।तेषां सुतुमुलश्शब्दः पूरयामास तद्वनम्।।।।

Transliteration

siṃhanādaṃ visṛjatām anyonyam abhigarjatām |

cāpāni visphārayatāṃ jṛmbhatām apy abhīkṣṇaśaḥ ||

vipraghuṣṭasvanānāṃ ca dundubhīṃś cāpi nighnatām |

teṣāṃ sutumulaś śabdaḥ pūrayāmāsa tad vanam ||

Translation

Ревя, как львы, они перекликались и грозно кричали друг на друга; снова и снова звенели тетивы их луков, и даже зевали они беспрестанно. С громкими воплями и ударяя в барабаны дундубхи, они наполнили тот лес неистовым гулом.

Word by Word

• siṃha-nādam: lion-roar
• siṃha-nādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: siṃha (प्रातिपदिक) + nāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'सिंहस्य नादः'

• visṛjatām: of those uttering
• visṛjatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: visṛj (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) षष्ठी बहुवचन; 'of those releasing/uttering'

• anyonyam: mutually
• anyonyam: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: anyonya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाववत् प्रयोगः; क्रियाविशेषण (reciprocal adverb): 'mutually, at one another'

• abhigarjatām: of those shouting loudly
• abhigarjatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: abhigarj (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) षष्ठी बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: अभि-; 'of those roaring/shouting'

• cāpāni: bows
• cāpāni: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: cāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन

• visphārayatām: of those stretching (bows)
• visphārayatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: visphāraya (धातु-णिजन्त from sphur/sphār?)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) षष्ठी बहुवचन; 'of those stretching/twanging (bows)'

• jṛmbhatām: of those gaping/yawning
• jṛmbhatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jṛmbh (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) षष्ठी बहुवचन; 'of those yawning/gaping'

• api: also, even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि = 'also, even'

• abhīkṣṇaśaḥ: constantly
• abhīkṣṇaśaḥ: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhīkṣṇaśas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; आवृत्त्यर्थक क्रियाविशेषण: 'repeatedly, constantly'

• vipraghuṣṭa-svanānām: of those with loudly-proclaimed sounds
• vipraghuṣṭa-svanānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vipra (उपसर्गवत्/प्रातिपदिक) + ghuṣṭa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + svana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय: 'विप्रघुष्टाः स्वनाः येषां ते' (here used as genitive qualifier)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• dundhubhīm: drums
• dundhubhīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dundhubhī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; 'also/even'

• nighnatām: of those beating
• nighnatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ni-han (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle) षष्ठी बहुवचन; उपसर्ग: नि-; 'of those striking/beating'

• teṣām: of them
• teṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन

• su-tumulaḥ: very tumultuous
• su-tumulaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + tumula (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता-विशेषण), एकवचन; 'very tumultuous'

• śabdaḥ: sound
• śabdaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śabda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• pūrayāmāsa: filled
• pūrayāmāsa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pūr (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; णिजन्त (causative) भावः: 'filled'

• tad: that
• tad: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; 'that' (qualifying vanam)

• vanam: forest
• vanam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

Context

The forest was filled with tumultuous sounds of the warriors roaring like lions, shouting at one another, stretching the bowstrings constantly, yawning, proclaiming loudly and beating the drums.

Characters & Entities

• forest (vana)
• bows (cāpa)
• dundubhi (drums)
• rākṣasa warriors (implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is contrasted with noisy intimidation: adharma often relies on terror and display, while righteousness relies on inner steadiness and just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

The rākṣasa troops create an overwhelming din—roars, shouts, bow-twangs, and drumbeats—filling the forest as they prepare to fight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s composure is implied: he stands firm against psychological warfare and chaos.