Shloka 48

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

अन्यस्मान्नगरादेर्या कार्यमुद्दिश्य मानवैः ।

क्रियते वसतिः सा वै विज्ञेया वसतिर्नरैः ॥

Transliteration

anyasmān nagarāder yā kāryam uddiśya mānavaiḥ / kriyate vasatiḥ sā vai vijñeyā vasatir naraiḥ

Translation

Жилище, которое люди устраивают вдали от города (или подобного места) ради какого-либо дела или цели, следует знать как «васати» (vasati), то есть рабочее поселение/хуторок.

Word by Word

• अन्यस्मात्: from another
• अन्यस्मात्: Apādāna (अपादान/source)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; विशेषण (source)

• नगर-आदेः: from a city etc.
• नगर-आदेः: Apādāna (अपादान/source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nagara (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), पुंलिङ्ग; ādi = 'etc.'; 'from a city and the like'

• या: which (settlement)
• या: Karta (कर्ता/relative subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम

• कार्यं: a task, work
• कार्यं: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• उद्दिश्य: with the aim of, intending
• उद्दिश्य: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ud-diś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); 'having aimed at/with reference to'

• मानवैः: by people
• मानवैः: Karta (कर्ता/agent-instrumental; doer)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mānava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुवचन, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), पुंलिङ्ग

• क्रियते: is made, is established
• क्रियते: Kriyā (क्रिया/verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

• वसतिः: a settlement
• वसतिः: Karta (कर्ता/subject of passive result)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• सा: that (one)
• सा: Anuvāda/Pratipādya (अनुवाद/correlative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सर्वनाम

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis)

• विज्ञेया: should be understood/known
• विज्ञेया: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (विधेय-विशेषण/predicative)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-jñā (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/future passive participle); एकवचन, प्रथमा, स्त्रीलिङ्ग; 'to be known'

• वसतिः: a settlement
• वसतिः: Karta (कर्ता/subject; restated)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vasati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: एकवचन, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• नरैः: by men
• नरैः: Karta (कर्ता/knower-agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुवचन, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), पुंलिङ्ग

Speakers

• Narratorial definition within the discourse

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Urban-rural relation
• Occupational settlement
• Human geography

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Human habitation is portrayed as purpose-driven: settlements arise to serve dharmic/economic tasks, emphasizing intentional organization rather than random sprawl.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Falls under descriptive material that supports manvantara-era social functioning; it is ancillary to the five marks but commonly embedded as ‘loka-vṛtta’ within Purāṇic narration.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Vasati’ indicates a liminal space—neither full city nor pure wilderness—symbolizing transitional stages of culture where duty (kārya) anchors community.