Shloka 32

Adhyaya 49 — Cosmic Dissolution

Sanskrit

तेन वा वर्तयन्ति स्म मुखे त्रेयायुगस्य वै ।

ततः कालान्तरेणैव पुनर् लोभान्वितास् तु ताः ॥

Transliteration

tena vā vartayanti sma mukhe treyāyugasya vai | tataḥ kālāntareṇaiva punar lobhānvītās tu tāḥ ||

Translation

Тем (мёдом) они воистину жили в начале Трета-юги. Затем, по прошествии некоторого времени, ими вновь овладела алчность.

Word by Word

• तेन: by that / with that
• तेन: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग) of pronoun; 'by/with that'

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय), disjunctive 'or'

• वर्तयन्ति: they maintain / they carry on
• वर्तयन्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन); causative sense 'cause to proceed/maintain' (वर्तयति)

• स्म: indeed / (past marker)
• स्म: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: स्म (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle indicating past narration/reminiscence (स्म-अव्यय)

• मुखे: in the mouth / at the face
• मुखे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग)

• त्रेयायुगस्य: of the Tretā age
• त्रेयायुगस्य: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध/Possessive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रेयायुग (प्रातिपदिक; त्रेता + युग)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); तत्पुरुष: त्रेतायाः युगम् → त्रेयायुगम्

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: Emphatic particle (निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय)

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/temporal)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय; तद्-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय), 'then/from that'

• कालान्तरेण: after some time / by lapse of time
• कालान्तरेण: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालान्तर (प्रातिपदिक; काल + अन्तर)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); 'after an interval of time'

• एव: only / indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: Restrictive/emphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय)

• पुनः: again
• पुनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय)

• लोभान्विताः: endowed with greed
• लोभान्विताः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लोभ + अन्वित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √इ (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle used adjectivally; Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग) agreeing with ताः; तत्पुरुष: लोभेन अन्विताः

• तु: but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: Adversative particle (व्यतिरेक/अन्वयार्थक-अव्यय)

• ताः: they (those women)
• ताः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन), Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within didactic exposition

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Rise of greed
• Moral decline across yugas
• From abundance to possessiveness

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even when needs are met, unchecked desire matures into lobha (greed), which is treated as a turning point toward conflict and social stratification.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara/yuga-dharma trajectory: the ethical texture of an age and its deterioration.

What is the esoteric significance?

The recurrence (‘punar’) highlights cyclicity: inner impurities reassert themselves unless restrained by dharma/discipline.