Shloka 28
Adhyāya 128 — Proposal to Restrain Keśava; Sātyaki’s Warning and Vidura–Dhṛtarāṣṭra Counsel
Devanagari script
अविजित्य य आत्मानममात्यान् विजिगीषते । अमित्रान् वाजितामात्य: सोडवश: परिहीयते,“जो पहले अपने मनको न जीतकर मन्त्रियोंको जीतनेकी इच्छा करता है अथवा मन्त्रियोंको जीते बिना शत्रुओंको जीतना चाहता है, वह विवश होकर राज्य और जीवन दोनोंसे वंचित हो जाता है
Translation
Кто, не победив прежде самого себя, стремится одолеть своих советников, или, не обуздав советников, желает победить врагов, тот в конце концов, поневоле, лишается и царства, и жизни.
Word by Word
अविजित्यnot having conquered
अविजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + √जि
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मानम्oneself (self)
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमात्यान्ministers, counsellors
अमात्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विजिगीषतेdesires to conquer
विजिगीषते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + √जि (desiderative stem: जिगीष)
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular
अमित्रान्enemies
अमित्रान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अजितामात्यःone whose ministers are unconquered (who has not subdued his ministers)
अजितामात्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअजितामात्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अवशःhelpless, powerless
अवशः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिहीयतेis deprived (falls away, is lost)
परिहीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + √हा
FormPresent, Ātmanepada, 3rd, Singular, passive-like sense: 'is deprived/declines'
Speaker
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes