Shloka 21

उद्योगपर्व — गान्धारी-उपदेशः

Udyoga Parva — Gandhārī’s Counsel to Duryodhana

Devanagari script

न शर्म प्राप्स्यसे राजन्नुत्क्रम्य सुहृदां वच: । अधर्म्यमयशस्यं च क्रियते पार्थिव त्वया

Transliteration

na śarma prāpsyase rājann utkramya suhṛdāṃ vacaḥ | adharmyam ayaśasyaṃ ca kriyate pārthiva tvayā ||

Translation

О царь! Переступив советы друзей, желающих тебе добра, ты не обретёшь ни мира, ни истинного благополучия. О владыка земли! То, что ты делаешь, противно дхарме и принесёт тебе бесчестье.

Word by Word

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• शर्म: welfare/comfort (good fortune)
• शर्म: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर्मन्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• प्राप्स्यसे: you will attain
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-आप्
• Form: simple future, 2, singular, Atmanepada

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• उत्क्रम्य: having transgressed/overstepped
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-क्रम्
• Form: absolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), parasmaipada/atmanepada-neutral

• सुहृदाम्: of well-wishers/friends
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुहृद्
• Form: masculine, genitive, plural

• वचः: word/advice
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• अधर्म्यम्: unrighteous
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अधर्म्य
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• अयशस्यम्: bringing ill-fame
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अयशस्य
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• क्रियते: is done / is being done
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: present, 3, singular, passive (कर्मणि)

• पार्थिव: O king (earth-lord)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• त्वया: by you
• त्वया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, instrumental, singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• rājan (a king addressed)
• suhṛd (well-wishing friends)