Shloka 8

Adhyātma-krama: Indriya–Manas–Buddhi–Ātman Hierarchy and Citta-Prasāda (आध्यात्मक्रमः)

Devanagari script

अपृथग्दर्शना: सर्वे ऋक्सामसु यजु:षु च । कामद्वेषौ पृथक्‌ कृत्वा तप: कृत उपासते

Transliteration

apṛthagdarśanāḥ sarve ṛksāmasu yajuḥṣu ca | kāmadveṣau pṛthak kṛtvā tapaḥ kṛta upāsate ||

Translation

Вьяса сказал: В век истины все «дваждырождённые» взирали на традиции Риг-, Сама- и Яджус-веды без сектантского разделения. Отложив желание и неприязнь, они принимали аскезу и жили в дисциплинированной духовной практике — показывая, что основание дхармы есть внутреннее очищение, а не соперничество школ.

Word by Word

• अपृथग्दर्शनाः: having non-separate vision (non-discriminating)
• अपृथग्दर्शनाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपृथग्दर्शन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• ऋक्सामसु: in the Ṛk and Sāman (Vedas)
• ऋक्सामसु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋक्सामन्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• यजुःषु: in the Yajus (Yajurveda)
• यजुःषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजुस्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कामद्वेषौ: desire and hatred
• कामद्वेषौ: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कामद्वेष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Dual

• पृथक्: separately; apart (i.e., setting aside)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पृथक्

• कृत्वा: having done; having made (having set aside)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)

• तपः: austerity; penance
• तपः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कृत: done; performed
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपासते: they practice; they resort to; they worship/attend upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-आस्
• Form: Lat (present), Ātmanepada, Third, Plural, Active (Ātmanepada)

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Kṛta Yuga (Satya Yuga)
• Dvija (twice-born)
• Ṛgveda
• Sāmaveda
• Yajurveda

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True dharma begins with inner discipline: abandoning desire and aversion and practicing tapas. The verse also teaches non-sectarian respect for the Vedas—seeing Ṛg, Sāma, and Yajus as not essentially opposed.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa describes the conduct of people in the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga: the dvijas did not quarrel over Vedic divisions and instead focused on self-purification through austerity and spiritual practice.