Shloka 20

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

Devanagari script

चत्वार्याहु: सहस्राणि वर्षाणां तत्कृतं युगम्‌ । तस्य तावच्छती संध्या संध्यांशक्ष तथाविध:

Transliteration

catvāry āhuḥ sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṁ tatkṛtaṁ yugam | tasya tāvacchatī sandhyā sandhyāṁśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ ||

Translation

Вьяса сказал: Мудрецы утверждают, что юга Крита (Сатья) состоит из четырёх тысяч лет. Её рассвет (sandhyā) длится четыреста лет, и сумеречная часть (sandhyāṃśa) равна тому же. Так текст устанавливает божественную меру времени, по которой юги измеряются и различаются согласно нравственной степени.

Word by Word

• चत्वारि: four
• चत्वारि: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• आहुः: they say
• आहुः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Plural

• सहस्राणि: thousands
• सहस्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Plural

• वर्षाणाम्: of years
• वर्षाणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• कृतम्: Kṛta (Satya)
• कृतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• युगम्: age, yuga
• युगम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: युग
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तस्य: of that (yuga)
• तस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• तावत्: so much, equal (to that)
• तावत्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शती: a hundred (i.e., hundred years)
• शती: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शती
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सन्ध्या: twilight (dawn-period), junction
• सन्ध्या: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सन्ध्यांशः: the twilight-portion (sandhyā-aṃśa)
• सन्ध्यांशः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्यांश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तथा: likewise, so
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• विधः: of such a kind
• विधः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Kṛta (Satya) Yuga
• Sandhyā
• Sandhyāṃśa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse defines the traditional measure of the Kṛta/Satya Yuga: 4000 years proper, plus transitional periods—400 years of sandhyā (opening) and 400 years of sandhyāṃśa (closing)—highlighting that cosmic time is structured and that moral conditions are understood to vary by yuga.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, Vyāsa is explaining yuga-structure and the lengths of the ages, giving a precise breakdown of the Kṛta (Satya) Yuga along with its junction-periods (sandhyā and sandhyāṃśa).