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Shloka 82

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

प्रत्युपकुर्वन्‌ बह्मपि न भाति पूर्वोपकारिणा तुल्य: । एक: करोति हि कृते निष्कारणमेव कुरुतेडन्य:

pratyupakurvan bahum api na bhāti pūrvopakāriṇā tulyāḥ | ekaḥ karoti hi kṛte niṣkāraṇam eva karoty anyaḥ ||

Бхишма сказал: «Даже если кто-то воздаст за добро многократно, он всё же не будет сиять равным тому, кто первым оказал милость. Ибо один творит добро лишь в ответ на сделанное ему, тогда как другой совершил благо без всякого побуждающего повода — свободно и без просьбы».

प्रत्युपकुर्वन्one who returns a favor
प्रत्युपकुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रत्युपकृ (उपकृ धातु, प्रत्युप-उपसर्ग)
Formpresent participle (शतृ), singular, masculine, nominative
बहुम्much, greatly
बहुम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
Formneuter, accusative, singular
अपिeven, although
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भातिshines / appears (as)
भाति:
TypeVerb
Rootभा
Formलट्, present, 3rd, singular
पूर्वोपकारिणाwith/compared to the first benefactor
पूर्वोपकारिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्व-उपकारिन्
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
तुल्यःequal
तुल्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुल्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
एकःone (person)
एकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootएक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
करोतिdoes
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formलट्, present, 3rd, singular
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कृतेwhen (something) has been done; in the done (favor)
कृते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृत
Formneuter, locative, singular
निष्कारणम्without cause, unprompted
निष्कारणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्कारण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
एवjust, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कुरुतेdoes (for another), performs
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formलट्, present, 3rd, singular, आत्मनेपद
अन्यःanother (person)
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्य
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Repaying a favor is good, but the moral excellence of the first benefactor is higher, because the original act of help is done freely and without compulsion, whereas repayment is motivated by an existing obligation.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma teaches Yudhishthira about the hierarchy of virtues: spontaneous, causeless beneficence is portrayed as more admirable than even generous repayment.