Shloka 30

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

Devanagari script

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा स्वेनानीकेन संवृत:

Transliteration

tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā svenānīkena saṃvṛtaḥ

Translation

Затем царь Юдхиштхира, окружённый и поддержанный своим собственным отрядом, двинулся вперёд в стройной мощи — образ праведного владычества, опирающегося на верных защитников среди нравственного напряжения войны.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (तस्मात्/ततः = then, thereafter)

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• स्वेन: by/with his own
• स्वेन: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• अनीकेन: army, troop, division
• अनीकेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनीक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• संवृतः: surrounded, encompassed
• संवृतः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + वृ (धातु) → संवृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत् (क्त)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Sanjaya
• anīka (army division/battle-array)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in warfare, rightful rule is shown through disciplined order and protective solidarity: the king does not stand as a solitary hero but is upheld by his own well-arranged forces, reflecting responsibility and collective duty.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira is positioned/advancing while being surrounded by his own military division, indicating a tactical formation and the presence of his supporting troops at this moment in the battle.