Shloka 89

अर्जुनस्य शीघ्रप्रयाणं भीम-शकुनियुद्धं च

Arjuna’s Rapid Advance and the Bhīma–Śakuni Encounter

Devanagari script

ततस्तव महासैन्यं गोविन्दप्रेरिता हया:

Transliteration

tatastava mahāsainyaṃ govinda-preritā hayāḥ

Translation

Санджая сказал: Тогда кони, понукаемые Говиндой, повели твоё огромное войско вперёд, словно сам порыв битвы направлялся волей Кришны.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (no gender/case/number)

• तव: of you / your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: षष्ठी विभक्ति, एकवचन (genitive singular)

• महा: great
• महा: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (महा- रूपेण उपसर्गवत् पूर्वपद)
• Form: पूर्वपद (compound-member); agrees with सैन्यम्: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• गोविन्द: by Govinda (Krishna)
• गोविन्द: Karana
• Type: Noun (Proper)
• Root: गोविन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• प्रेरिताः: impelled, urged
• प्रेरिताः: Visheshana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रेरित (√प्रेर्/प्रेरय्, causative; past passive participle)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• हयाः: horses
• हयाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: हय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Govinda (Kṛṣṇa)
• horses
• Kaurava army

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in the chaos of war, the epic frames outcomes as shaped not only by human effort but also by a higher moral order; Govinda’s ‘impelling’ suggests divine direction aligning events with dharma and destiny.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the movement and force of the battle—symbolized by the horses driving forward—are being urged on under Govinda’s influence, indicating Kṛṣṇa’s active role in steering the conflict.