Shloka 8
प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting
Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue
Devanagari script
अथ कृत्वोपहार्याणि चतुर्दश्यां महामति: । तमेव गणयन् शोक विरात्रे प्रत्यबुध्यत
Translation
Затем великий мудрец Ними в четырнадцатый день собрал всё, что надлежало принести в подношение для обряда шраддхи (śrāddha). Погружённый в скорбь по сыну, он провёл ночь, считая лишь свою печаль; и когда ночь миновала, поднялся на рассвете (чтобы совершить шраддху в день Амавасьи — новолуния).
Word by Word
अथthen/thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
कृत्वाhaving done/made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (करणे)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
उपहार्याणिthings fit to be offered (offerings)
उपहार्याणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपहार्य (उप-√हृ + यत्; ‘to be offered’)
Formneuter, accusative, plural
चतुर्दश्याम्on the fourteenth (lunar day)
चतुर्दश्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootचतुर्दशी
Formfeminine, locative, singular
महामतिःthe very wise man
महामतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहामति
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
तम्him/that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गणयन्considering/pondering
गणयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootगणय (गण्/गणय्; ‘to count/consider’)
Formशतृ (present active participle), masculine, nominative, singular
शोकम्grief/sorrow
शोकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
रात्रेat night/in the night
रात्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Formfeminine, locative, singular
प्रत्यबुध्यतawoke/was awakened
प्रत्यबुध्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-√बुध् (बोधने)
Formimperfect (लङ्), 3rd, singular, ātmanepada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes