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Shloka 69

गवां लोकवर्णनं तथा गोप्रदानफलश्रुतिः

Description of the ‘World of Cows’ and the Stated Fruits of Cow-Gift

(विप्रदारे परह्ते विप्रस्वनिचये तथा । परित्रायन्ति शक्तास्तु नमस्तेभ्यो मृतास्तु वा ।।

bhīṣma uvāca |

vipradāre parahṛte viprasvanicaye tathā |

paritrāyanti śaktās tu namas tebhyo mṛtās tu vā ||

na pālayanti cet tasya hantā vaivasvato yamaḥ |

daṇḍayan bhartsayan nityaṃ nirayebhyo na muñcati ||

tathā gavāṃ paritrāṇe pīḍane ca śubhāśubham |

vipragōṣu viśeṣeṇa rakṣiteṣu hateṣu vā ||

Бхишма сказал: Там, где жён брахманов бесчестят или уводят силой, или где захватывают имущество брахманов, тем, кто, имея силу, защищает их,—поклон; а те, кто не защищает, подобны мёртвым. Вайвасвата Яма, сын Солнца, становится убийцей таких нерадивых людей: он карает их, ежедневно укоряет и никогда не освобождает из адов. Так же и в отношении коров: защита и притеснение приносят благие и неблагие плоды. Особенно же заслуга возникает, когда собственным усилием защищают брахманов и коров, а грех возникает, когда их убивают.

विप्रदारेin (the matter of) a Brahmin’s wife
विप्रदारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रदार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परहृतेwhen seized/abducted
परहृते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरहृत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विप्रस्वनिचयेin the collection of a Brahmin’s wealth
विप्रस्वनिचये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रस्वनिचय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
परित्रायन्तिthey protect
परित्रायन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+त्रा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
शक्ताःable/capable
शक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नमःsalutation
नमः:
TypeNoun
Rootनमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तेभ्यःto them
तेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
मृताःdead
मृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयन्तिthey protect/guard
पालयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
तस्यof him/of that (person)
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
हन्ताslayer/executioner
हन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहन्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैवस्वतःVaivasvata (son of Vivasvat)
वैवस्वतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवैवस्वत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यमःYama
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दण्डयन्punishing
दण्डयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootदण्डयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भर्त्सयन्rebuking
भर्त्सयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभर्त्सयत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नित्यम्always
नित्यम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
निरयेभ्यःfrom the hells
निरयेभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिरय
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मुच्यतिis released
मुच्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
परित्राणेin protection
परित्राणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरित्राण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पीडनेin harming/oppressing
पीडने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपीडन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शुभाशुभम्good and evil (result)
शुभाशुभम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशुभाशुभ
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
विप्रगोषुamong Brahmins and cows
विप्रगोषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रगो
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
विशेषेणespecially
विशेषेण:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेष
रक्षितेषुwhen protected
रक्षितेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्षित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
हतेषुwhen slain
हतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (Bhīṣma)
Y
Yama (Vaivasvata Yama)
S
Sun (Vivasvat/Āditya, implied by 'Vaivasvata')
B
Brahmins (Vipra)
B
Brahmin women (Vipradāra)
B
Brahmin wealth/property (Viprasvanicaya)
C
Cows (Gāvaḥ)
H
Hell (Niraya)

Educational Q&A

Dharma requires active protection of Brahmins (their persons, families, and property) and of cows when one has the capacity; failure to protect is treated as grave moral negligence that leads to severe post-mortem retribution under Yama, while protection yields merit and harm yields sin.

In Bhishma’s instruction on gifts and the greatness of cow-giving (go-dāna), he broadens the ethical frame: beyond ritual giving, society’s guardians must prevent abduction and plunder involving Brahmins and must protect cows; he warns that Yama punishes those who neglect this duty.