Sutra 29

Devanagari script

ततः परमर्घं वर्धयतां क्रये विक्रये वा भावयतां पणशते पञ्चपणाद्द्विशतो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.२.२९ ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ param arghaṃ vardhayatāṃ kraye vikraye vā bhāvayatāṃ paṇaśate pañcapaṇād dviśato daṇḍaḥ

Translation

Сверх допустимой наценки тот, кто повышает цену — манипулируя покупкой или продажей, — подлежит штрафу от пяти до двухсот (пан) за каждые сто (пан), к которым это относится.

Word by Word

• ततः: thereafter; then
• Type: Pronoun (Adverbial)
• Root: तद्
• Form: ablative singular (used adverbially)

• परम्: further; next; beyond that
• Type: Adjective (used adverbially)
• Root: पर
• Form: accusative singular neuter (adverbial: 'further/next')

• अर्घम्: price; valuation
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ
• Form: accusative singular masculine/neuter (object)

• वर्धयताम्: let the two (parties) increase/raise
• Type: Verb
• Root: वर्ध्
• Form: present active imperative, 3rd person dual (लोट्, परस्मैपद)

• क्रये: in buying; in purchase
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रय
• Form: locative singular masculine

• विक्रये: in selling; in sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रय
• Form: locative singular masculine

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: disjunctive indeclinable

• भावयताम्: let the two (parties) state/declare (a price); let them appraise
• Type: Verb
• Root: भावय् (causative of भू)
• Form: present active imperative, 3rd person dual (लोट्, परस्मैपद)

• पणशते: at (the level of) a hundred paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: पणशत
• Form: locative singular neuter (amount-range context)

• पञ्चपणात्: from five paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: पञ्चपण
• Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter (starting point: 'from')

• द्विशतः: (up to) two hundred (paṇas)
• Type: Noun (numeral compound)
• Root: द्विशत
• Form: ablative singular neuter (upper bound: 'up to/from two hundred' depending on construction)

• दण्डः: the fine/penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: nominative singular masculine (predicate)

Entities Mentioned

• merchants
• price manipulators

More Details

FAQs

What behavior is penalized?

Raising prices beyond the allowed margin by manipulating either procurement (purchase-side) or retail (sale-side) valuation.

What is the administrative technique used?

A scalable (per-100) penalty schedule that can be increased with severity.