HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 11Shloka 14
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Shloka 14

Sukesha's Boon & Twelve DharmasSukesha’s Boon, the Twelve Dharmas of Beings, and the Cosmography of the Seven Dvipas with the Twenty-One Hells

सुकेशिरुवाच किंलक्षणो भवेद् धर्मः किमाचरणसत्क्रियः यमाश्रित्य न सीदन्ति देवाद्यास्तु तदुच्यताम्

sukeśiruvāca kiṃlakṣaṇo bhaved dharmaḥ kimācaraṇasatkriyaḥ yamāśritya na sīdanti devādyāstu taducyatām

Sukeśī said: What are the characteristics of dharma? What conduct and proper observances constitute it? That by taking refuge in which the gods and others do not fall into distress—please declare that.

सुकेशिःSukeśi
सुकेशिः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसुकेशि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine nominative singular (proper name)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Perfect, 3rd person singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण; interrogative determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Neuter nom/acc singular (interrogative)
लक्षणःhaving (what) characteristics
लक्षणः:
Karta (कर्ता; predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootलक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine nominative singular; धर्मः इति विशेषण
भवेत्may be
भवेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन — Optative, 3rd person singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine nominative singular
किम्what?
किम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण; interrogative determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Neuter nom/acc singular (interrogative)
आचरणसत्क्रियःwhose practice is good conduct/rite
आचरणसत्क्रियः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootआचरण + सत्क्रिया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine nominative singular; धर्मः इति विशेषण
यम्which (dharma)
यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of आश्रित्य)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन — Masculine accusative singular (relative pronoun)
आश्रित्यhaving taken refuge in
आश्रित्य:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया/Anterior action)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआ-श्रि (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive) — having resorted to
not
:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
सीदन्तिsink; fall into distress
सीदन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootसद् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन — Present, 3rd person plural
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन — Masculine nominative plural
आद्याःand others
आद्याः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन — Masculine nominative plural; देवाः इति विशेषण ("and others")
तुindeed; but
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (contrast/emphasis particle)
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (कर्म/Object of उच्यताम्)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Neuter nom/acc singular (demonstrative)
उच्यताम्let it be stated
उच्यताम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग — Imperative, 3rd person singular, passive ("let it be said")
Sukeśī (questioner) addressing Ṛṣis (respondents in v.15)
Dharma definitionRitual and conductDeva welfareNormative ethics

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

The verse frames dharma as both definable by 'lakṣaṇa' (principles/marks) and knowable through 'ācaraṇa' and 'satkriyā' (lived practice and sanctioned rites). It also ties dharma to cosmic stability: dharma is that support by which even devas avoid decline.

This is an instructional/didactic query that typically accompanies purāṇic narrative frames. It is not directly one of the five lakṣaṇas (sarga, pratisarga, vaṃśa, manvantara, vaṃśānucarita), but it is consistent with purāṇas’ function of teaching dharma alongside genealogies and cosmology.

By asking for a dharma that prevents 'sīdana' (sinking/decline) of devas, the text symbolically presents dharma as the buoyant principle of order (ṛta/dharma) that sustains both divine and human realms—an axis between ethics and cosmic maintenance.