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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 34

Devanagari script

अहो कष्टमिदं कूक्तं तीर्थराजेन मोहतः । सन्तोऽपि न गुणा वाच्याः स्वयं सद्भिः स्वका यतः

Transliteration

aho kaṣṭamidaṃ kūktaṃ tīrtharājena mohataḥ | santo'pi na guṇā vācyāḥ svayaṃ sadbhiḥ svakā yataḥ

Translation

Ai de mim—quão penosa é esta fala, proferida em ilusão pelo “rei dos tīrtha”! Pois, mesmo possuindo virtudes de fato, os bons não proclamam as próprias qualidades, por serem coisa de si mesmos.

Word by Word
अहोalas/oh
अहो:
Sambandha (Interjection/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअहो (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/खेदसूचक निपात (interjection)
कष्टम्a hardship/terrible thing
कष्टम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Neuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Neuter, Nominative, Singular; विशेषणम् (कष्टम्)
कूक्तम्ill-spoken
कूक्तम्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकु + √वच् (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past passive participle); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — ‘badly spoken/ill-said’ (agreeing with कष्टम्/इदम्)
तीर्थ-राजेनby the king of tīrthas
तीर्थ-राजेन:
Karana (Agent in passive/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतीर्थ (प्रातिपदिक) + राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Singular
मोहतःout of delusion
मोहतः:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootमोह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन — Masculine, Ablative, Singular; हेतौ पञ्चमी (ablative of cause)
सन्तःgood people/being virtuous
सन्तः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle) ‘being’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven/although
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (even/although)
नnot
न:
Sambandha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात
गुणाःqualities/merits
गुणाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural
वाच्याःshould be spoken
वाच्याः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formतव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/obligation); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन — ‘to be spoken/should be spoken’
स्वयम्by oneself
स्वयम्:
Kriya-viseshana (Adverb/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; आत्मवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (by oneself)
सद्भिःby the good (people)
सद्भिः:
Karana (Agent/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Instrumental, Plural
स्वकाःone’s own
स्वकाः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Plural; विधेय-विशेषणम् (गुणाः)
यतःbecause
यतः:
Hetu (Reason/हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयतः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; हेत्वर्थक (because/since)
Speaker

Dharma (Dharma-deva)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: Dharma addresses the assembly with a composed yet firm expression, gently chastising the tīrtha-rāja for deluded self-praise; the tīrtha-rāja appears chastened, the assembly attentive.

Characters & Entities
D
Dharma
T
Tīrtharāja

FAQs

Self-praise is a mark of delusion; true goodness is modest and does not advertise itself.

A tīrtha identified as “Tīrtharāja” is discussed, in the context of how pride can diminish a place’s renown.

No ritual is prescribed; the verse teaches ethical restraint in speech, especially regarding one’s own merit.

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