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Shloka 42

तपसो महिमा

The Greatness and Typology of Tapas

यदा न ज्ञायते मृत्युः कदा कस्य भविष्यति । आकस्मिके हि मरणे धृतिं विंदति कस्तथा

yadā na jñāyate mṛtyuḥ kadā kasya bhaviṣyati | ākasmike hi maraṇe dhṛtiṃ viṃdati kastathā

Quando não se sabe quando a morte virá, nem a quem ela virá, quem pode encontrar verdadeira firmeza de mente quando a morte golpeia de súbito?

यदाwhen
यदा:
Kāla-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: “when”)
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)
ज्ञायतेis known
ज्ञायते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); आत्मनेपद (Ātmanepada); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive: “is known”)
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
कदाwhen?
कदा:
Kāla-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदा (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-कालवाचक-अव्यय (interrogative adverb: “when?”)
कस्यof whom
कस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक (Masc/Neut), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)
भविष्यतिwill happen
भविष्यति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकार (Simple Future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद
आकस्मिकेin sudden (unexpected)
आकस्मिके:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआकस्मिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण of मरणे
हिindeed, for
हि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (indeed/for)
मरणेin death, at dying
मरणे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootमरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
धृतिम्steadfastness, composure
धृतिम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
विन्दतिfinds, attains
विन्दति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद
कःwho
कः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
तथाthus, in that way
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (manner adverb: “thus/so”)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

FAQs

It emphasizes the uncertainty of death to awaken vairagya (detachment) and urgency for sadhana, directing the mind toward Pati (Shiva) as the stable refuge beyond worldly unpredictability.

Because life’s end is uncertain, the Purana urges steady remembrance and worship of Saguna Shiva through Linga-upasana, so devotion and surrender become constant rather than delayed for a “later time.”

Daily japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) with inward recollection of Shiva, supported by simple Shaiva observances like Tripundra (bhasma) and Rudraksha, to cultivate dhṛti (steadiness) amid uncertainty.