Rig Veda 4.18.9: Mandala 4, Sukta 18, Mantra 9

Sukta 4.18

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama

Devata: Indra

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; verify in critical edition)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

ममच्चन ते मघवन्व्यंसो निविविध्वाँ अप हनू जघान । अधा निविद्ध उत्तरो बभूवाञ्छिरो दासस्य सं पिणग्वधेन ॥

Transliteration

mámac ca ná te maghavan vyáṃso ni-vividhvā́m̐ ápa hanū́ jaghā́na | ádhā ni-viddhá uttáro babhūvān chíro dāsásya sám piṇag vadhéna ||

Translation

Nem mesmo contra ti, ó generoso, pôde prevalecer o agressor: tu lhe golpeaste as mandíbulas quando ele investia de perto. Então, traspassando-o, tornaste-te superior; esmagaste com o golpe decisivo a cabeça do Dāsa.

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Word by Word

• मम: of me / my
• मम: सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (निपात)

• न: not
• न: निषेध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (निपात)

• ते: of you / your
• ते: सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• मघवन्: O bountiful one (Indra)
• मघवन्: सम्बोधन
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: मघवन् (प्रातिपदिक; इन्द्र-विशेषण)

• व्यंसः: the openings / gaps / apertures
• व्यंसः: कर्तृ (of the following verb, as subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यंस (प्रातिपदिक)

• निविविध्वान्: having pierced/bored (down)
• निविविध्वान्: कर्तृ (agent-participle referring to Indra)
• Type: Verb (participial)
• Root: √विध् (विधँ—‘to pierce, to bore’) + नि- (उपसर्ग)

• अप: away / off
• अप: क्रियाविशेषण (directional)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अप (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• हनू: the two jaws
• हनू: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनु (प्रातिपदिक)

• जघान: he struck / smote
• जघान: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन् (हनँ—‘to strike, slay’)

• अध: then / thereafter
• अध: सम्बन्ध/अनुक्रम (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अध (निपात)

• निविद्धः: pierced / bored
• निविद्धः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate/qualifier of ‘उत्तरो’)
• Type: Verb (past participle)
• Root: √विध् + नि- (उपसर्ग)

• उत्तरः: the upper (one)
• उत्तरः: कर्तृ (subject of ‘बभूव’)
• Type: Adjective (substantivized)
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)

• बभूव: became
• बभूव: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (भू—‘to be, become’)

• आन्: (emphatic/particle)
• आन्: क्रियाविशेषण (emphatic/augmenting)
• Type: Indeclinable (enclitic particle with preverb)
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग) + न् (निपातिक-अनुबन्ध; here as enclitic with participle)

• छिरः: the head
• छिरः: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिरस् (प्रातिपदिक)

• दासस्य: of the Dāsa (enemy)
• दासस्य: सम्बन्ध (possessive/genitival)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दास (प्रातिपदिक)

• सम्: together / completely
• सम्: क्रियाविशेषण (completive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम् (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• पिणग्व: he crushed / shattered
• पिणग्व: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पिणग्/पिङ्ग् (वेदिक; ‘to crush, break, shatter’)

• अधेन: with a blow / by a stroke
• अधेन: करण (instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध (प्रातिपदिक; ‘blow/weapon/strike’ in RV usage) / or instrumental of a noun meaning ‘stroke’