Shloka 43

त्र्यशीतितमः सर्गः (Sarga 83)

Hanumān Reports Sītā’s ‘Slaying’; Rāma Collapses; Lakṣmaṇa’s Counter-Discourse on Dharma and Artha

Devanagari script

उत्थिष्ठनरशार्दूलदीर्घबाहोधृतव्रत ।किमात्मानंमहात्मानंमात्मानं न बुध्यसे ।।6.83.43।।

Transliteration

utthiṣṭha naraśārdūla dīrghabāho dhṛtavrata | kim ātmānaṁ mahātmānaṁ mātmānaṁ na budhyase ||6.83.43||

Translation

Ergue-te, tigre entre os homens, de longos braços e firme no voto. Por que não te reconheces: grande alma, senhor de ti mesmo?

Word by Word

• uttiṣṭha: rise
• uttiṣṭha: Preraṇā (प्रेरणा)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut + sthā (स्था धातु)
• Form: Loṭ (imperative/लोट्), Madhyama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada

• naraśārdūla: O tiger among men
• naraśārdūla: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara + śārdūla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘nara-śārdūla’ = ‘tiger among men’; Pumliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana

• dīrghabāho: O long-armed one
• dīrghabāho: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dīrgha + bāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘one whose arms are long’; Pumliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana

• dhṛtavrata: O steadfast in vow
• dhṛtavrata: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhṛta (धृ धातु, क्त; कृदन्त) + vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) ‘one who has undertaken/held a vow’; Pumliṅga, Sambodhana, Ekavacana

• kim: why?/what?
• kim: Prashna (प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Interrogative particle (प्रश्न-अव्यय)

• ātmānam: yourself/the self
• ātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga (often masc.), Dvitīyā (2nd/द्वितीया), Ekavacana

• mahātmānam: the great-souled (self)
• mahātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘great-souled’; Pumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; apposition to ātmānam

• mā: do not
• mā: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (निषेध-अव्यय) used with imperative/optative sense: ‘do not’

• ātmānam: yourself
• ātmānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pumliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; repeated for emphasis

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (negation particle)

• budhyase: you understand/realize
• budhyase: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: budh (बुध् धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (लट्, present), Madhyama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

Context

"O tiger among men! O broad shouldered endowed with fortitude! Why do you not know yourself that you are a great soul and doer of action?"

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma rests on self-knowledge and self-command; one must remember one’s responsibility and inner strength in adversity.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma is shaken by tragic news; he is urged to rise and recall his identity as a steadfast protector.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Ātma-saṁyama (self-control) and dhṛti (steadfastness).