Shloka 10

रामरावणयोर्युद्धवैषम्यं तथा रावणशिरश्छेदनम्

Rama–Ravana Duel Intensifies; Ravana’s Heads Severed and Reappear

Devanagari script

सोतिविद्धोबलवतादशग्रीवेणराघवः ।।।।जगाम न विकारं च न चापिव्यथितोऽभवत् ।

Transliteration

so ’tividdho balavatā daśagrīveṇa rāghavaḥ |

jagāma na vikāraṃ ca na cāpi vyathito ’bhavat ||

Translation

Embora o poderoso Daśagrīva trespassasse gravemente Rāghava, ele não mostrou mudança de semblante nem se deixou afligir.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ati-viddhaḥ: pierced severely
• ati-viddhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyadh (धातु) + ati (उपसर्ग)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) from √vyadh with ati-; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• balavatā: by the mighty
• balavatā: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: balavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular; ‘by the mighty (one)’

• daśa-grīveṇa: by the ten-necked (Ravana)
• daśa-grīveṇa: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: daśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + grīva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (‘one who has ten necks/heads’); Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• rāghavaḥ: Raghava (Rama)
• rāghavaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• jagāma: went/entered
• jagāma: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), 3rd person, Singular

• na: not
• na: Nishedha-dyotaka (निषेध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• vikāram: disturbance/change
• vikāram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vikāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samucchaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• na: not
• na: Nishedha-dyotaka (निषेध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle

• ca: and
• ca: Samucchaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• api: also/even
• api: Sambandha-dyotaka (सम्बन्ध-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (सम्भावना/समुच्चय), ‘also/even’

• vyathitaḥ: pained/distressed
• vyathitaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vyath (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त) from √vyath; Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• abhavat: became/was
• abhavat: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd person, Singular

Context

Raghava, though wounded by the mighty Ravana's arrows, did notexperience suffering or agitation, nor disquiet.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma (Rāghava)
• Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Steadfastness under suffering: dharma is upheld through inner discipline—remaining unshaken and truthful to one’s duty even when wounded.

What is the narrative situation?

During the duel, Rāvaṇa strikes Rāma powerfully, yet Rāma remains calm and undisturbed.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhṛti (fortitude) and equanimity (samatā)—a hallmark of Rāma’s righteous heroism.