Shloka 12

हनूमता सुग्रीवस्य कालधर्मोपदेशः

Hanuman’s Counsel on Timely Ally-Duty

Devanagari script

तद्भवान्वृत्तसम्पन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये।।मित्रार्थमभिनीतार्थं यथावत्कर्तुमर्हति।

Transliteration

tad bhavān vṛttasampannaḥ sthitaḥ pathi niratyaye |

mitrārtham abhinītārthaṃ yathāvat kartum arhati ||

Translation

Portanto, tu, dotado de conduta correta e firmemente estabelecido no caminho sem falha, deves realizar—de modo devido e como convém—o curso de ação que serve ao teu aliado.

Word by Word

• तत्: therefore/then
• तत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), निपात/सम्बन्धसूचक (particle), अर्थे: ‘therefore/then’

• भवान्: you (honorific)
• भवान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhavat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; आदरार्थे ‘you’

• वृत्तसम्पन्नः: endowed with good conduct
• वृत्तसम्पन्नः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vṛtta + sampanna (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘सम्पन्न’ = √pad (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समास: वृत्ते सम्पन्नः (conduct-endowed)

• स्थितः: standing/abiding
• स्थितः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sthita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √sthā (स्था) + क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle)

• पथि: on the path
• पथि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pathin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘on the path/way’

• निरत्यये: in steadfastness/without deviation
• निरत्यये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niratyaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in (a state of) non-deviation/steadfastness’

• मित्रार्थम्: for the sake of a friend
• मित्रार्थम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mitra + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; समास: मित्रस्य अर्थः (for a friend’s sake)

• अभिनीतार्थम्: proper course of action
• अभिनीतार्थम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhinīta + artha (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; ‘अभिनीत’ = √nī (नी) + क्त, उपसर्ग: अभि)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समास: अभिनीतः अर्थः (a properly guided course/meaning)

• यथावत्: duly/properly
• यथावत्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathāvat (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), ‘duly/as it should be’

• कर्तुम्: to do
• कर्तुम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kṛ (कृ) (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (infinitive), ‘to do’

• अर्हति: is proper/ought
• अर्हति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √arh (अर्ह्) (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

Context

'Endowed with right conduct, you ought to duly answer the cause of your ally conforming to proper course of action.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A promise to an ally must be fulfilled in the proper way (yathāvat), grounded in righteous conduct; dharma is not intention alone but correct execution.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva is urged to proceed correctly and promptly with the ally’s work—Rama’s mission—rather than delaying or acting half-heartedly.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Integrity in action: disciplined adherence to the righteous path and faithful performance of allied duty.