Shloka 10

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

सुखानिलोऽयं सौमित्रे कालः प्रचुरमन्मथः।गन्धवान्सुरभिर्मासो जातपुष्पफलद्रुमः।।।।

Transliteration

sukhānilo ’yaṁ saumitre kālaḥ pracura-manmathaḥ |

gandhavān surabhir māso jāta-puṣpa-phala-drumaḥ || 4.1.10 ||

Translation

Ó Saumitri, este é o tempo em que sopra uma brisa suave e o desejo se avoluma; chegou a estação perfumada, com árvores em flor e fruto.

Word by Word

• सुख-अनिलः: pleasant breeze
• सुख-अनिलः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक) + अनिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (सुखः अनिलः); 'pleasant breeze'

• अयम्: this
• अयम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; demonstrative 'this'

• सौमित्रे: O Saumitri
• सौमित्रे: सम्बोधन (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौमित्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन; address to Lakṣmaṇa

• कालः: the time/season
• कालः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'time/season'

• प्रचुर-मन्मथः: abounding in amorousness
• प्रचुर-मन्मथः: विशेषण (Predicate/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रचुर (प्रातिपदिक) + मन्मथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास (प्रचुरः मन्मथः); predicate adjective to कालः; 'full of love/erotic excitement'

• गन्धवान्: fragrant
• गन्धवान्: विशेषण (Predicate/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गन्धवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; predicate adjective; 'fragrant'

• सुरभिः: sweet-scented
• सुरभिः: विशेषण (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुरभि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; adjective to मासः; 'sweet-smelling'

• मासः: the month (springtime)
• मासः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'month/season-month'

• जात-पुष्प-फल-द्रुमः: with trees bearing fresh flowers and fruits
• जात-पुष्प-फल-द्रुमः: विशेषण (Predicate/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जात (प्रातिपदिक) + पुष्प (प्रातिपदिक) + फल (प्रातिपदिक) + द्रुम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि-समास (जातानि पुष्पफलानि येषु सः); predicate to मासः; 'having trees with flowers and fruits newly appeared'

Context

'O Saumitri! it is the season of spring. The trees are laden with fruits and fragrant flowers. Ecstatic blows the gentle freeze.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Lakshmana (Saumitri)
• trees
• flowers
• fruits

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights the ethical challenge of sense-stirring environments: dharma requires steadiness even when nature intensifies longing and desire.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama describes spring’s beauty to Lakshmana, but the same beauty sharpens his pain of separation from Sita.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-awareness and restraint: Rama recognizes how external conditions affect the mind, a prerequisite for disciplined conduct.