Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 18, Shloka 45

पुत्रजन्मोत्सवः — Birth of the Princes and Viśvāmitra’s Arrival

Bālakāṇḍa 18

Devanagari script

अपि ते सन्नतास्सर्वे सामन्ता रिपवो जिता:।।।।दैवं च मानुषं चापि कर्म ते साध्वनुष्ठितम्।

Transliteration

api te sannatāḥ sarve sāmantā ripavo jitāḥ | daivaṃ ca mānuṣaṃ cāpi karma te sādhv anuṣṭhitam ||

Translation

Estão todos os reis vassalos vizinhos devidamente submissos? Foram vencidos os teus inimigos? E cumpres retamente tanto os ritos divinos quanto os deveres humanos?

Word by Word

• अपि: whether/indeed
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रश्न/सम्भावनासूचक (interrogative particle: ‘whether/indeed’)

• ते: to you/for you
• ते: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: चतुर्थी-षष्ठी (Dative/Genitive) एकवचन-रूप; अत्र चतुर्थी (to you) अधिकम्

• सन्नताः: submissive
• सन्नताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्-नम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन; ‘submissive/bowed’

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन

• सामन्ताः: tributary kings/feudatories
• सामन्ताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन

• रिपवः: enemies
• रिपवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन

• जिताः: conquered
• जिताः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जि (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा; बहुवचन; ‘conquered’

• दैवम्: divine (rites)
• दैवम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; (दैवं कर्म = divine rites)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• मानुषम्: human (duties)
• मानुषम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया; एकवचन; (मानुषं कर्म = human duties)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-शब्दः (also)

• कर्म: duty/rite
• कर्म: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्वितीया एकवचन-रूप; अत्र द्वितीया (object of ‘(अस्ति)’) अधिकम्

• ते: your
• ते: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी; एकवचन

• साधु: well/properly
• साधु: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साधु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: well/rightly)

• अनुष्ठितम्: performed
• अनुष्ठितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-स्था (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-द्वितीया; एकवचन; ‘performed’ (agreeing with ‘कर्म’)

Context

Are the tributary kings submissive to you? Have you conquered your enemies? Are the rites for propitiating gods and the services to humanity performed rightly?

Characters & Entities

• Viśvāmitra
• Daśaratha
• enemies (ripus)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Balanced dharma: a ruler must harmonize security and diplomacy with spiritual obligations (daiva) and social responsibility (mānuṣa).

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra’s formal questions turn to political order, victory over threats, and the king’s religious and social conduct.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Comprehensive responsibility—true kingship integrates power with righteousness and service.