Valmiki Ramayana 2.84.11: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 84, Shloka 11

गुहस्य सन्देहः, गङ्गातीर-रक्षा, भरतस्य सत्कारः

Guha’s Suspicion, Securing the Ganga Bank, and Hospitality to Bharata

Devanagari script

तमायान्तं तु सम्प्रेक्ष्य सूतपुत्रः प्रतापवान्।भरतायाऽचचक्षेऽथ विनयज्ञो विनीतवत्।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.84.11

Transliteration

tam āyāntaṃ tu samprekṣya sūtaputraḥ pratāpavān |

bharatāyācacakṣe ’tha vinayajño vinītavat ||

Translation

Vendo-o aproximar-se, o valente Sumantra, filho de um sūta, conhecedor da etiqueta, informou Bharata com humildade.

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Word by Word

• tam: him
• tam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana (pronoun)

• āyāntam: approaching
• āyāntam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ā-yā (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
• Form: Śatṛ-present participle (शतृ), Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana (qualifying tam)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (तु-निपात)

• samprekṣya: having seen
• samprekṣya: Pūrvakāla (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sam-pra-īkṣ (धातु) + lyap (कृत्)
• Form: Gerund in -ya (ल्यप्), avyaya-prayoga

• sūtaputraḥ: son of the charioteer (Sumantra)
• sūtaputraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūta (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sūtasya putraḥ), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• pratāpavān: valiant/mighty
• pratāpavān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pratāpa-vat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; matup-anta (वत्)

• bharatāya: to Bharata
• bharatāya: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bharata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga, Caturthī-vibhakti (dat/चतुर्थी), Ekavacana

• ācacakṣe: informed/told
• ācacakṣe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ā-cakṣ (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana; parasmaipada/ātmanepada usage: ātmanepada form

• atha: then
• atha: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: Sequence particle (अथ-निपात)

• vinayajñaḥ: knowing propriety/modesty
• vinayajñaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vinaya (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (vinayaṃ jānāti), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana

• vinītavat: humbly
• vinītavat: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vinīta-vat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Avyaya (manner adverb; -वत् used adverbially)

Context

The valiant Sumantra, conversant with ways of modesty, observed Guha approaching them and humbly informed Bharata.

Characters & Entities

• Sumantra
• Bharata
• Guha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā (proper conduct): communication to a king is done with humility and decorum, preserving respect and order.

What is the narrative situation?

Guha is approaching Bharata; Sumantra notices and formally reports it to Bharata.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vinaya (humility) and tact—Sumantra’s disciplined, respectful speech.