Valmiki Ramayana 2.74.35 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 74, Shloka 35

भरतस्य कैकेयी-गर्हा तथा सुरभि-दृष्टान्तः

Bharata’s Reproach of Kaikeyi and the Surabhi Exemplum

Devanagari script

इति नाग इवारण्ये तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः।पपात भुवि सङ्कृद्धो निश्श्वसन्निव पन्नगः।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.74.35

Transliteration

iti nāga ivāraṇye tomarāṅkuśa-coditaḥ |

papāta bhuvi saṅkruddho niśśvasann iva pannagaḥ ||

Translation

Assim falando, Bharata—como um elefante na floresta, impelido por lanças e aguilhões—tombou ao chão em fúria, sibilando como uma serpente.

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Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: Quotative particle (इत्यादि-निपात)

• नागः: elephant
• नागः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparison)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Simile particle (उपमा-निपात)

• अरण्ये: in the forest
• अरण्ये: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: araṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः: driven by spears and goads
• तोमराङ्कुशचोदितः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tomara + aṅkuśa + codita (√cud/√cod + kta)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; PPP (क्त) ‘driven’; समासः—तत्पुरुष (तोमरैः अङ्कुशैः चोदितः)

• पपात: fell
• पपात: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √pat (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular

• भुवि: on the ground
• भुवि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuvi/ bhūmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• सङ्कृद्धः: enraged
• सङ्कृद्धः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃ + √krudh (धातु) + kta
• Form: PPP (क्त) used adjectivally, Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निःश्वसन्: hissing/breathing hard
• निःश्वसन्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: niḥ + √śvas (धातु) + शतृ
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular; qualifies subject

• इव: like
• इव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Comparison)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Simile particle

• पन्नगः: serpent
• पन्नगः: Karta (कर्ता/Simile term)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pannaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; in simile apposition

Context

Prince Bharata, the scorcher of enemies, with blood-shot eyes, raiment in disarray, ornaments tossed about lay fallen on the ground like the banner of Indra (husband of Sachi) at the close of the festival of flag-hoisting.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē catussaptatitamassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the seventyfourth sarga in Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Bharata
• Forest (araṇya)
• Tomara (spear/javelin)
• Elephant
• Serpent

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse depicts the emotional cost of dharma-violation: righteous persons may be overwhelmed by grief and anger when justice and truth are disrupted.

What is the narrative situation?

After condemning Kaikeyi and declaring his resolve, Bharata—overcome by rage and sorrow—falls to the ground.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral sensitivity: Bharata’s intense reaction signals how deeply he values dharma and how unbearable adharma is to him.