Valmiki Ramayana 2.66.5: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 66, Shloka 5

अयोध्यायां शोकविलापः

Lamentation in Ayodhya after Daśaratha’s death

Devanagari script

भर्तारं तं परित्यज्य का स्त्री दैवतमात्मनः।इच्छेज्जीवितुमन्यत्र कैकेय्यास्त्यक्तधर्मणः।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.66.5

Transliteration

bhartāraṁ taṁ parityajya kā strī daivatam ātmanaḥ | icchej jīvitum anyatra kaikeyyās tyaktadharmaṇaḥ ||

Translation

Que mulher, após abandonar o marido—seu deus vivo—desejaria ainda viver? Nenhuma, exceto Kaikeyī, que lançou fora o dharma.

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Word by Word

• vihāya: having left
• vihāya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-√hā (धातु) + lyap (ल्यप्)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable verbal; 'having left'

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine/Personal pronoun, Accusative (2nd), Singular

• gataḥ: has gone
• gataḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; participial predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √gam (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; predicative with 'rāmaḥ'

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• bhartā: husband, lord
• bhartā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhartṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Samuccaya-avyaya (समुच्चय; conjunction)

• svargataḥ: gone to heaven
• svargataḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: svarga + √gam (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: Past participle used adjectivally: 'gone to heaven'; Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; qualifying 'bhartā'

• mama: my
• mama: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th), Singular

• vipathe: on a wrong path
• vipathe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vipatha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• sārthahīnā: without companions
• sārthahīnā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sārtha + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: sārthena hīnā); Feminine, Nominative (1st), Singular; simile-subject for 'aham'

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā-marker (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Upamā-vācaka avyaya

• na: not
• na: Niṣedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Niṣedha-avyaya (निषेध; negation particle)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st), Singular

• jīvitum: to live
• jīvitum: Karma (कर्म; infinitival object)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √jīv (धातु) + tumun (तुमुन्)
• Form: Infinitive (तुमुन्), indeclinable verbal; object of 'utsahe'

• utsahe: I am able / I desire
• utsahe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud-√sah (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ-lakāra (लट्; present), Ātmanepada, 1st person (उत्तमपुरुष), Singular

Context

Which woman wishes to live, leaving her god-like husband, except Kaikeyi who has given up her sense of duty?

Characters & Entities

• Kaikeyī
• Husband (Daśaratha, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse asserts that dharma sustains relationships and social order; abandoning duty toward one’s rightful spouse (and by extension the household’s moral center) is portrayed as a grave ethical collapse.

What is the narrative situation?

Kauśalyā, overwhelmed by Daśaratha’s death and Rāma’s exile, denounces Kaikeyī as uniquely capable of living after causing such rupture.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The ideal of fidelity and reverence within marriage (as Kauśalyā understands it), contrasted with Kaikeyī’s perceived moral abandonment.