Valmiki Ramayana 2.45.32 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 32

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

Devanagari script

एवं विक्रोशतां तेषां द्विजातीनां निवर्तने।ददृशे तमसा तत्र वारयन्तीव राघवम्।।।।

Transliteration

evaṁ vikrośatāṁ teṣāṁ dvijātīnāṁ nivartane | dadṛśe tamasā tatra vārayantīva rāghavam ||

Translation

Enquanto aqueles brâmanes clamavam por seu retorno, ali surgiu o rio Tamasa, como se também ele quisesse deter Rāghava (Rama).

Word by Word

• evam: thus/in this way
• evam: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa)

• vikrośatām: of (them) crying aloud
• vikrośatām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation) with teṣām/dvijātīnām
• Type: Noun
• Root: vi√kruś (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ-pratyaya present participle used substantively: vikrośat (crying) + ṣaṣṭhī? actually genitive plural of present participle stem in -at: vikrośatām = Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural); 'of those who were crying'

• teṣām: of those
• teṣām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma (pronoun), Puṃliṅga (Masculine) (contextual), Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• dvijātīnām: of the twice-born (brahmins)
• dvijātīnām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvijāti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine) (dvijāti), Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural)

• nivartane: in (their) seeking of return
• nivartane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nivartana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napुंसakaliṅga (Neuter), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Ekavacana (Singular); 'in/at the act of return'

• dadṛśe: appeared/was seen
• dadṛśe: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (Singular), Ātmanepada; 'was seen/appeared'

• tamasā: by/through the (river) Tamasā
• tamasā: Karaṇa (करण/Instrument) (as agent-like cause of appearance)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tamasā (प्रातिपदिक: tamasā-nadī)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine) (river-name), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• tatra: there
• tatra: Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; deśa-avyaya (locative adverb)

• vārayantī: preventing
• vārayantī: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (participial qualifier) of tamasā (personified)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vṛ (वारयति causative) (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ (present active participle) feminine nominative singular; 'preventing/warding off'

• iva: as if
• iva: Upamā-bodhaka (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; upamā-nipāta (comparative particle)

• rāghavam: Rāghava (Rama)
• rāghavam: Karma (कर्म/Object) with vārayantī (preventing whom)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

Context

While those brahmins were thus crying out, river Tamasa came into view as if seeking Rama to turn back to Ayodhya.

Characters & Entities

• Rama (Rāghava)
• Brahmins (dvijāti)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is portrayed as cosmic and communal: the world itself seems to resist the departure of the righteous, suggesting that moral order is intertwined with the natural and social order.

What is the narrative situation?

The story visually shifts as the group reaches the Tamasa river, described as if it stands as a boundary urging Rama to turn back.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s role as a moral axis (righteous exemplar): his movement changes the emotional and symbolic landscape around him.