Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 42, Shloka 31

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

Devanagari script

तच्च दृष्ट्वा महाराजो भुजमुद्यम्य वीर्यवान्।उच्चैस्स्वरेण चुक्रोश हा राघव जहासि माम्।।।।

Transliteration

tac ca dṛṣṭvā mahārājo bhujam udyamya vīryavān | uccaiḥ-svareṇa cukrośa hā rāghava jahāsi mām ||

Translation

Ao ver aquilo, o valente grande rei ergueu os braços e bradou em alta voz: «Ai, Rāghava! Tu me abandonaste!»

Word by Word

• tat: that (palace)
• tat: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)

• mahārājaḥ: the great king
• mahārājaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारय (महान् राजा)

• bhujam: arm
• bhujam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhuja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• udyamya: having raised
• udyamya: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ud√yam (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)

• vīryavān: valiant
• vīryavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vīryavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (महārājaḥ)

• uccaiḥ: loudly
• uccaiḥ: Kriya-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: uccaiḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb: loudly)

• svareṇa: with (his) voice
• svareṇa: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• cukrośa: cried out
• cukrośa: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √kruś (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• hā: alas!
• hā: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/cry)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hā (अव्यय)
• Form: विस्मय/शोकबोधक-निपात (interjection)

• rāghava: O Raghava (Rama)
• rāghava: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

• jahāsi: you have abandoned
• jahāsi: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √hā (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया, एकवचन

Context

Having seen the king in bed brooding over Rama, the queen, (Kausalya), sitting by his side, sighed and lamented, deeply anguished.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē ayōdhyākāṇḍē dvicatvāriṅśassargaḥ৷৷Thus ends the fortysecond sarga of Ayodhyakanda of the holy Ramayana, the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Rāma (Rāghava)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse highlights the human cost of dharma: a righteous act (Rāma’s obedience to truth and duty) can still feel like abandonment to loved ones; dharma is not sentimental comfort, but principled action.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha, devastated by the empty palace and Rāma’s departure, cries out to his absent son as if he could still hear him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Daśaratha’s intense paternal love; by contrast, Rāma’s disciplined adherence to duty is the unseen cause of this lament.