Valmiki Ramayana 2.2.40 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 2, Shloka 40

यौवराज्य-प्रस्तावः

Proposal for Rāma’s Installation as Heir-Apparent

Devanagari script

व्यसनेषु मनुष्याणां भृशं भवति दुःखितः।।2.2.40।।उत्सवेषु च सर्वेषु पितेव परितुष्यति।

Transliteration

vyasaneṣu manuṣyāṇāṃ bhṛśaṃ bhavati duḥkhitaḥ | utsaveṣu ca sarveṣu piteva parituṣyati || 2.2.40 ||

Translation

Nas desgraças do povo, ele se entristece profundamente; e em todas as celebrações, alegra-se como um pai.

Word by Word

• vyasaneṣu: in misfortunes
• vyasaneṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyasana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• manuṣyāṇām: of people
• manuṣyāṇām: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manuṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• bhṛśam: greatly, intensely
• bhṛśam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bhṛśam (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• bhavati: becomes/is
• bhavati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• duḥkhitaḥ: grieved, sorrowful
• duḥkhitaḥ: Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृसमानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: duḥkhita (प्रातिपदिक; PPP from √duḥkh)
• Form: Past participle/adjectival (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• utsaveṣu: in festivals/celebrations
• utsaveṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: utsava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चयार्थक-निपात)

• sarveṣu: in all
• sarveṣu: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदik)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुं), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); adjective qualifying utsaveṣu

• pitā: a father
• pitā: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; comparative particle (उपमार्थक-निपात)

• parituṣyati: rejoices/is pleased
• parituṣyati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pari√tuṣ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Context

He grieves profoundly whenever people are afflicted by misfortunes (and) rejoices like a father on festive occasions.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Empathetic rulership: the ruler’s heart must align with the people’s suffering and joy, treating them with parental care.

What is the narrative situation?

Ministers describe Rāma’s emotional solidarity with citizens while presenting him as fit for kingship.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Compassion and shared responsibility—Rāma does not remain detached from public welfare.