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Shloka 53

Narrative of Sumanā: The Quest for a Worthy Son and the Karmic Roots of Poverty

एवं मुग्धोसि विप्रेंद्र गतस्त्वं कालवश्यताम् । दारापुत्रेषु तद्द्रव्यं पृच्छमानेषु वै त्वया

evaṃ mugdhosi vipreṃdra gatastvaṃ kālavaśyatām | dārāputreṣu taddravyaṃ pṛcchamāneṣu vai tvayā

Assim estás iludido, ó melhor dos brâmanes; caíste sob o domínio do Tempo. E quando tua esposa e teus filhos te perguntaram por aquela riqueza, de fato não tiveste resposta.

एवम्thus
एवम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/प्रकारः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (indeclinable), प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)
मुग्धःbewildered, deluded
मुग्धः:
Karta (कर्ता/subject-complement)
TypeAdjective
Rootमुग्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण (predicate adjective)
असिyou are
असि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु) (भूवादिगण)
Formलट् (present indicative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (singular); अकर्मक
विप्रेन्द्रO best of Brahmins
विप्रेन्द्र:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) (विप्र-इन्द्र)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): विप्राणाम् इन्द्रः
गतःgone, entered
गतः:
Karta (कर्ता) (with implied ‘त्वम्’)
TypeVerb
Rootगम् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त) → गत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (past participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे ‘gone/entered’
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), प्रथमा, एकवचन
कालवश्यताम्subjection to time (time’s control)
कालवश्यताम्:
Karma (कर्म/goal of motion with ‘गतः’)
TypeNoun
Rootकाल + वश्यता (प्रातिपदिक) (काल-वश्यता)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (accusative/2nd), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: कालस्य वश्यता (subjection to time)
दारापुत्रेषुamong (your) wife and sons
दारापुत्रेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/locative)
TypeNoun
Rootदार + पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) (दार-पुत्र)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (collective dvandva), सप्तमी (locative/7th), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: दाराश्च पुत्राश्च
तत्-द्रव्यम्that wealth/property
तत्-द्रव्यम्:
Karma (कर्म) (object of implied ‘asked about’)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम) + द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: तत् एव द्रव्यम् (that very wealth/thing)
पृच्छमानेषुwhile (they) were asking
पृच्छमानेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण) (locative absolute with ‘दारापुत्रेषु’)
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु) + शानच् (कृदन्त) → पृच्छमान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle, शानच्), पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन; ‘while (they) were asking’
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः/निपातार्थः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अवधारण/प्रत्ययार्थ (emphatic)
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana (करण/instrument or agent in passive sense)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, तृतीया (instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

Unspecified (context needed to confirm the dialogue pair)

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Sandhi Resolution Notes: मुग्धोसि = मुग्धः असि; गतस्त्वं = गतः त्वम्; तद्द्रव्यं = तत् द्रव्यम्

FAQs

It warns that delusion and attachment can place a person under the power of Time (impermanence), leaving them helpless when confronted with practical and moral questions about wealth and responsibility.

It implies being overpowered by Time—aging, change, loss, and death—highlighting that worldly possessions are unstable and cannot be relied upon as lasting security.

It suggests accountability: one must manage wealth with clarity and dharma, since family obligations and questions expose whether one’s attachment and decisions are wise or deluded.