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Shloka 15

Yamavākya

The Words of Yama

तेषामपि जनेतारो जनितॄणां हि पूर्वजाः । एतद्दुःखं पुनर्देव मम मर्मविभेदनम् ॥ १५ ॥

teṣāmapi janetāro janitṝṇāṃ hi pūrvajāḥ | etadduḥkhaṃ punardeva mama marmavibhedanam || 15 ||

Até eles têm progenitores; e os próprios geradores têm ancestrais. Esta dor, ó Senhor, volta a trespassar o âmago da minha vida.

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (plural), सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Avyaya (अव्यय/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), समुच्चय/अपि-भाव (also/even)
जनेतारःbegetters/fathers
जनेतारः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootजनेतृ (प्रातिपदिक; √जन् धातु-सम्बद्ध)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural)
जनितॄणाम्of the begetters
जनितॄणाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootजनितृ (प्रातिपदिक; √जन्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन (plural)
हिindeed/for
हि:
Avyaya (अव्यय/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (indeed/for)
पूर्वजाःancestors/forefathers
पूर्वजाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वज (प्रातिपदिक; पूर्व + ज)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन (plural); तत्पुरुष-समास (पूर्वे जाताः)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (singular); विशेषण (qualifier)
दुःखम्sorrow/pain
दुःखम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (singular)
पुनःagain
पुनः:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
देवO god/lord
देव:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Vocative address)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सम्बोधन (8th/सम्बोधन), एकवचन (singular)
ममmy
मम:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (singular), सर्वनाम (pronoun)
मर्म-विभेदनम्piercing of the vital spot/heart-rending
मर्म-विभेदनम्:
Apposition/Predicate (विशेष्य-सम्बन्ध/Predicative)
TypeNoun
Rootमर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + विभेदन (प्रातिपदिक; √भिद्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन (singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (मर्मणां विभेदनम्)

Narada

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

FAQs

It highlights the endless chain of birth and ancestry, pointing to the beginningless nature of saṃsāra and the heart-piercing sorrow that arises when one seeks a final worldly origin or lasting security in lineage.

By exposing the insufficiency of worldly supports like ancestry, the verse implicitly turns the mind toward a stable refuge—devotion to the Lord—who alone is beyond the chain of births and thus can relieve existential grief.

No specific Vedāṅga (like Vyākaraṇa or Jyotiṣa) is taught directly; the practical takeaway is ethical-spiritual: cultivate viveka (discernment) and vairāgya (detachment) when reflecting on genealogy and impermanence.