Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 139

Jyotiṣa-śāstra Saṅgraha: Threefold Division, Gaṇita Methods, Muhūrta, and Planetary Reckoning

Devanagari script

साक्षार्कापक्रमयुतिर्द्दिक्साम्येंतरमन्यथा । शेषह्यानांशाः सूर्यस्य तद्वाहुज्याथ कोटिजाः ॥ १३९ ॥

Transliteration

sākṣārkāpakramayutirddiksāmyeṃtaramanyathā | śeṣahyānāṃśāḥ sūryasya tadvāhujyātha koṭijāḥ || 139 ||

Translation

Quando o apakrama (declinação) do Sol é combinado diretamente com a direção equinocial, a do quadrante igual, obtém-se o resultado; caso contrário, calcula-se de outro modo. As porções restantes são os aṇāṃśas, partes minúsculas do Sol; e daí se derivam a bahu-jyā (seno/medida de corda) e a koṭi-jyā (cosseno).

Word by Word

• साक्षात्: directly, evidently
• साक्षात्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: साक्षात् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• अर्क: sun
• अर्क: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्क (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/सम्बोधन? (contextual stem in compound); एकवचन (in compound)

• अपक्रम: departure, offset (apakrama)
• अपक्रम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; (compound member)

• युतिः: addition, sum
• युतिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा); एकवचन

• दिक्: direction
• दिक्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; (compound member)

• साम्ये: in equality, at equinox
• साम्ये: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: साम्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी); एकवचन

• अन्तरम्: otherwise, difference/interval
• अन्तरम्: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd); एकवचन (adverbial/elliptic usage)

• अन्यथा: otherwise
• अन्यथा: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• शेषः: the remainder
• शेषः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा); एकवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle/emphasis)

• अयानांशाः: parts of the ayana (solstitial arc parts)
• अयानांशाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अयन-अंश (प्रातिपदिक; अयन + अंश)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा); बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (अयनस्य अंशाः)

• सूर्यस्य: of the Sun
• सूर्यस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी); एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; एकवचन (demonstrative, referring to preceding remainder)

• बाहुज्या: sine of the arm (bhujajyā)
• बाहुज्या: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहु-ज्या (प्रातिपदिक; बाहु + ज्या)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा); एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (बाहोः ज्या)

• अथ: then
• अथ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अव्यय-निपात (sequencer)

• कोटिजाः: (values) arising from the koṭi (cosine)
• कोटिजाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोटि-जा (प्रातिपदिक; कोटि + जा)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा); बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष/षष्ठीभाव (कोट्या जायन्ते/कोटिसम्बन्धिन्यः)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (in dialogue with Narada, within the Moksha Dharma discourse that includes technical cosmology/astronomy)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Characters & Entities

• Surya (Sun)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It shows that dharma and higher aims (including moksha-oriented discipline) are supported by precise knowledge of time and cosmos; correct understanding of the Sun’s motion underpins sacred calendrical order.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: by emphasizing accurate time-reckoning for vrata, pūjā, and sacred observances, it supports disciplined devotional practice even though the verse itself is technical (Jyotiṣa) rather than devotional poetry.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa: computation of solar declination (apakrama) and related trigonometric measures—jyā (sine/cord) and koṭi-jyā (cosine)—used in traditional astronomical calculation.