Shloka 29

Adhyaya 53 — Rudrasarga and the Measure of the Manvantaras: Svayambhuva Manu, Priyavrata’s Line, and the Seven Dvipas

Sanskrit

येषां नामाङ्कितैर्वर्षैः प्लक्षद्वीपस्तु सप्तधा । पूर्वं शाकभवं वर्षं शिशिरन्तु सुखोदयम् ॥

Transliteration

yeṣāṃ nāmāṅkitair varṣaiḥ plakṣadvīpas tu saptadhā | pūrvaṃ śākabhavaṃ varṣaṃ śiśiraṃ tu sukhodayam ||

Translation

Pelos varṣa assinalados por seus nomes, Plakṣadvīpa tornou-se setéuplo. A primeira região é Śākabhava; e (outra) é Śiśira, chamada Sukhodaya.

Word by Word

• येषाम्: of whom
• येषाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी बहुवचन (relative pronoun; genitive plural)

• नाम: name
• नाम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नामन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)

• अङ्कितैः: marked (with)
• अङ्कितैः: Instrument (करण/तृतीया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अङ्कित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; अङ्क् धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), तृतीया बहुवचन, पुं/नपुंसक; 'marked/inscribed'

• वर्षैः: by the varṣas/regions
• वर्षैः: Instrument (करण/तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental plural)

• प्लक्षद्वीपः: Plakṣadvīpa
• प्लक्षद्वीपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्लक्ष-द्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: प्लक्षस्य द्वीपः (Plakṣa-island/continent)

• तु: indeed/and
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात; contrast/emphasis)

• सप्तधा: sevenfold
• सप्तधा: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सप्तधा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (प्रकारवाचक; 'in seven ways/into seven parts')

• पूर्वम्: first
• पूर्वम्: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (कालवाचक/क्रमवाचक; 'first/previously')

• शाकभवम्: Śākabhava (vegetable-born; name)
• शाकभवम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाक-भव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: शाकात् भवम् (arising from vegetables)

• वर्षम्: region/varṣa
• वर्षम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन

• शिशिरम्: Śiśira (name)
• शिशिरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिशिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (नाम-निर्देशे; another varṣa-name)

• तु: and/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात; contrast/emphasis)

• सुखोदयम्: Sukhodaya (name)
• सुखोदयम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख-उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: सुखस्य उदयः (rise of happiness)

Speakers

• Puranic narrator (cosmography section)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Sacred Geography
• Genealogy
• Sevenfold division

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse reinforces the Puranic method of encoding large-scale cosmology through orderly lists: division, naming, and sequence provide a disciplined way to contemplate the world.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Cosmographic Sarga/Pratisarga material structured through Vamśa-based toponymy.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Saptadhā’ (sevenfold) signals completeness; names like Śiśira and Sukhodaya can be read as experiential states of a realm—coolness/quietude and the ‘arising of well-being’—suggesting inner-cosmic correspondences.