Shloka 4

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

तेपसम्बन्धिनश्चान्ये पितामहपितामहात् ।

प्रभृत्युक्तास्त्रयस्तेषां यजमानश्च सप्तमः ॥

Transliteration

tepasambandhinaś cānye pitāmahapitāmahāt | prabhṛty uktās trayas teṣāṃ yajamānaś ca saptamaḥ ||

Translation

E outros se vinculam por ‘tepa’ (uma conexão ulterior/secundária), começando do avô do avô em diante—falam-se de três tais pessoas; e o yajamāna (sacrificante) é o sétimo neste esquema de sete.

Word by Word

• तेपसम्बन्धिनः: connected by tepas (lineage/relationship term)
• तेपसम्बन्धिनः: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तेपस्-सम्बन्धिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; qualifies implied ‘पुरुषाः/अन्ये’

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• अन्ये: others
• अन्ये: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; used substantively ‘others’

• पितामहपितामहात्: from the great-great-grandfather (grandfather of grandfather)
• पितामहपितामहात्: अपादान (Apādāna/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह-पितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; ‘from the grandfather’s grandfather’

• प्रभृति: starting from
• प्रभृति: अवधि/आरम्भ (starting point)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रभृति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (postposition/adverb) = ‘starting from’

• उक्ताः: are said/called
• उक्ताः: विधेय (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; agrees with ‘त्रयः’

• त्रयः: three
• त्रयः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; ‘three (persons)’

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; ‘of them’

• यजमानः: the sacrificer/performer (of śrāddha)
• यजमानः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यजमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• सप्तमः: the seventh
• सप्तमः: विधेय-विशेषण (predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ordinal; predicate to ‘यजमानः’

Speakers

• Madālasā

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Śrāddha
• Genealogical mapping
• Ritual eligibility

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite is anchored in a defined kin-network: dharma is operationalized through explicit relational boundaries, preventing both neglect and overreach in ritual address.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma instruction; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘seven’ implies a complete field of lineage influence around the performer—an ordered mandala of ancestry in which offerings circulate.