Shloka 14

Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties

Sanskrit

एकं द्वौ सकलान् वापि वेदान् प्राप्य गुरोर्मुखात् ।

अनुज्ञातोऽथ वन्दित्वा दक्षिणां गुरवे ततः ॥

Transliteration

ekaṃ dvau sakalān vāpi vedān prāpya guror mukhāt | anujñāto 'tha vanditvā dakṣiṇāṃ gurave tataḥ ||

Translation

Tendo recebido da boca do guru um, dois ou todos os Vedas, e depois de lhe ser concedida a permissão (para partir/concluir), deve inclinar-se em reverência e então oferecer ao guru a dakṣiṇā (honorário do mestre).

Word by Word

• एकम्: one
• एकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: eka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; numeral adjective qualifying 'वेदान्' (one Veda)

• द्वौ: two
• द्वौ: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), द्विवचन; numeral adjective (two)

• सकलान्: all
• सकलान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sakala (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; 'all/entire' qualifying 'वेदान्'

• वा: or
• वा: None (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विकल्प (disjunctive particle: or)

• अपि: even/also
• अपि: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय/अपि-भाव (also/even)

• वेदान्: the Vedas
• वेदान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन

• प्राप्य: having obtained/learned
• प्राप्य: Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + √āp (आप् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund): 'having obtained/learned'

• गुरोः: of the teacher
• गुरोः: Sambandha (षष्ठी/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• मुखात्: from (his) mouth
• मुखात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/ablative), एकवचन; idiomatically 'from the mouth' = from instruction

• अनुज्ञातः: permitted (to depart)
• अनुज्ञातः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anujñāta (अनु + √jñā धातु; क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; past passive participle: 'having been permitted/dismissed'

• अथ: then
• अथ: None (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, अनुक्रम (then)

• वन्दित्वा: having saluted
• वन्दित्वा: Kriyā (पूर्वकर्म/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vand (वन्द् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययभाव (gerund): 'having saluted'

• दक्षिणाम्: honorarium/gift (dakṣiṇā)
• दक्षिणाम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• गुरवे: to the teacher
• गुरवे: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: guru (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/dative), एकवचन

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, क्रम/अपादानार्थ (then/thereafter)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt (instructional voice)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Brahmacarya completion
• Vedic transmission (oral)
• Gratitude and reciprocity
• Saṃskāra and social ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Education is a sacred trust maintained by humility and reciprocity: the student honors the lineage through salutation and dakṣiṇā, acknowledging that knowledge is received, not seized.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/Dharma instruction regarding āśrama and Vedic pedagogy; not a sarga/manvantara/vaṃśa passage.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘From the guru’s mouth’ highlights śruti as living sound; dakṣiṇā symbolizes offering the fruits of learning back into the lineage, sealing the transmission.