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Shloka 43

Adhyaya 16The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

दुष्टतोयादिभोगेन तेषां दुष्कृतकर्मिणाम् ।

उपसर्गाः प्रवर्तन्ते मरणाय सुदारुणाः ॥

duṣṭatoyādibhogena teṣāṃ duṣkṛtakarmiṇām | upasargāḥ pravartante maraṇāya sudāruṇāḥ ||

Ao consumir água impura e coisas semelhantes, os que praticam más ações são afligidos por terríveis calamidades que avançam rumo à morte.

दुष्ट-तोय-आदि-भोगेनby the enjoyment of polluted water etc.
दुष्ट-तोय-आदि-भोगेन:
करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + तोय (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) + भोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन; समासः—(दुष्टं तोयं च) + आदि (etc.) इति तत्पुरुषः, ततः ‘दुष्टतोयादि’ + ‘भोग’ (भोगः) इति षष्ठी/तत्पुरुष-समासः; अर्थे करणम् (हेतु/means)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुं, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन
दुष्कृत-कर्मिणाम्of the evil-doers
दुष्कृत-कर्मिणाम्:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्कृत (प्रातिपदिक) + कर्मिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive, 6th), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः—दुष्कृताः कर्मिणः (evil-doers)
उपसर्गाःafflictions, calamities
उपसर्गाः:
कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootउपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन
प्रवर्तन्तेarise, set in motion
प्रवर्तन्ते:
क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √वृत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद
मरणायfor death
मरणाय:
सम्प्रदान (Sampradāna/Dative purpose)
TypeNoun
Rootमरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (Dative, 4th), एकवचन; प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य (purpose)
सु-दारुणाःvery dreadful
सु-दारुणाः:
विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/Qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु (उपसर्ग/अव्यय-पूर्वपद) + दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (Nominative, 1st), बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier) उपसर्गाः इति
Devas (collective statement; context continues into Prajāpati’s reply in v.46)

{ "primaryRasa": "bhaya", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Devas
DharmaKarma (consequences)Ritual purityEthics

FAQs

Adharma expresses itself not only as ‘sin’ in abstraction but as concrete disorder—impurity in consumption and conduct culminates in suffering and even death. The verse links inner moral failure (duṣkṛta) with outer vulnerability (upasarga).

Primarily Dharma/ācāra instruction embedded in narrative; not a direct sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita datum, though it supports the Purāṇic aim of dharma-upadeśa.

‘Impure water’ can be read as a symbol of contaminated prāṇa/saṃskāra; when the channels are polluted, ‘upasargas’ (disturbances) naturally manifest, culminating in dissolution of embodied stability.