Shloka 39

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

ततः कालेन महता ऐकान्तिकमुपागतः ।

अज्ञानाकृष्टसद्भावो विपन्नश्च प्रमादतः ॥

Transliteration

tataḥ kālena mahatā aikāntikam upāgataḥ | ajñānākṛṣṭa-sadbhāvo vipannaś ca pramādataḥ ||

Translation

Então, após muito tempo, cheguei a um estado de solidão; porém minha verdadeira disposição foi desviada pela ignorância e, por negligência, caí na ruína.

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereafter
• ततः: Kāla-krama (क्रम/अनन्तरता)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय; तद्-तसिल्)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb): ‘from that/thereafter’

• कालेन: by time
• कालेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन

• महता: great/long
• महता: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental, 3rd), एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘कालेन’

• ऐकान्तिकम्: exclusive (state)/finality
• ऐकान्तिकम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऐकान्तिक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (Accusative, 2nd), एकवचन

• उपागतः: having reached
• उपागतः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle) from √गम् with उपसर्ग ‘उप’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अज्ञानाकृष्टसद्भावः: whose true nature was dragged down by ignorance
• अज्ञानाकृष्टसद्भावः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + आकृष्ट (कृदन्त; आ-√कृष् धातु, क्त) + सद्भाव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहिसमास: अज्ञानेन आकृष्टः सद्भावः यस्य सः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘आकृष्ट’ = क्त-प्रत्यय

• विपन्नः: ruined / fallen into misfortune
• विपन्नः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-पद् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle) from √पद् with उपसर्ग ‘वि’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• प्रमादतः: due to negligence
• प्रमादतः: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: प्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थे पञ्चमी-प्रयोगवत् अव्यय (ablatival adverb): ‘through/from negligence’

Speakers

• Son (bird) narrating the decline

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Pramāda (heedlessness) as spiritual danger
• Avidyā
• Fall from practice
• Moral caution

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Even advanced practice can degrade if vigilance is lost; pramāda is portrayed as a primary ethical-spiritual fault that allows ignorance to reclaim the mind.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction via personal narrative; it functions as dharma-upadeśa rather than cosmological or dynastic exposition.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘pull of ignorance’ depicts how latent impressions (vāsanā) can reassert themselves; ‘solitude’ without alertness can become spiritual complacency rather than liberation.