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Shloka 3

Vyādha–Brāhmaṇa Saṃvāda: Śāpa, Vṛtta-Dharma, and Counsel Against Viṣāda

Grief

प्रत्यक्षमिह विप्रषें देवा दृश्यन्ति सत्तम | सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ वायु: पृथिवी वदह्निरेव च,“भगवन! श्रेष्ठ ब्रह्मर्ष] इस जगत्‌में सूर्य, चन्द्रमा, वायु, पृथिवी, अग्नि, पिता, माता और गुरु--ये प्रत्यक्ष देवता दिखायी देते हैं। भूगुनन्दन! इसके सिवा अन्य जो देवतारूपसे स्थापित देवविग्रह हैं, वे भी प्रत्यक्ष देवताओंकी ही कोटियें हैं"

pratyakṣam iha vipraṛṣe devā dṛśyante sattama | sūryācandramasau vāyuḥ pṛthivī vahnir eva ca |

Vaiśampāyana disse: “Ó melhor dos virtuosos, ó brahmarṣi—neste mesmo mundo os deuses são vistos diretamente: o Sol e a Lua, o Vento, a Terra e o Fogo.” A afirmação enquadra o dharma em termos concretos: a reverência é devida прежде de tudo às forças que sustentam a vida e a ordem, e não apenas a divindades remotas ou imaginadas.

pratyakṣamdirectly, before the eyes
pratyakṣam:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootpratyakṣa
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ihahere, in this world
iha:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha
vipra-ṛṣeO brahmin-sage
vipra-ṛṣe:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootvipra-ṛṣi
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
devāḥgods, deities
devāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdeva
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
dṛśyanteare seen, appear
dṛśyante:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś
FormLat, Present, Atmanepada, 3rd, Plural, Passive (impersonal sense: 'are seen')
sattamaO best of the good
sattama:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootsat-tama
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
sūryaḥthe Sun
sūryaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootsūrya
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
candramāḥthe Moon
candramāḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootcandramas
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
vāyuḥwind
vāyuḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootvāyu
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
pṛthivīearth
pṛthivī:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthivī
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
vāhniḥfire
vāhniḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootvahni
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
evaindeed, just
eva:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva
caand
ca:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Sūrya (Sun)
C
Candramas (Moon)
V
Vāyu (Wind)
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
V
Vahni/Agni (Fire)

Educational Q&A

That divinity is not only a matter of distant belief: the sustaining forces of life—Sun, Moon, Wind, Earth, and Fire—are ‘seen directly’ and therefore deserve immediate reverence and ethical regard.

Vaiśampāyana, in the course of instruction, identifies the directly perceptible ‘gods’ in the world, grounding religious duty in what is manifest and life-supporting.