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Shloka 21

Brāhmaṇa-māhātmya: Tārkṣya’s instruction on tapas, satya, and svadharma

Chapter 182

तत्र चापि नरव्यात्र मनो जन्तोर्विधीयते । तस्माद्‌ युगपदत्रास्य ग्रहणं नोपपद्यते,नरश्रेष्ठ! विषयोंके उपभोगके समय (बुद्धिके द्वारा) इस जीवात्माका मन किसी एक ही विषयमें नियन्त्रित कर दिया जाता है। इसीलिये उसके द्वारा एक ही साथ अनेक विषयोंका ग्रहण सम्भव नहीं हो पाता है

tatra cāpi naravyāghra mano jantor vidhīyate | tasmād yugapad atrāsya grahaṇaṁ nopapadyate, naraśreṣṭha |

“Mesmo aí, ó tigre entre os homens, a mente do ser vivo é dirigida e confinada a um único objeto. Por isso, ó melhor dos homens, não lhe é possível apreender muitos objetos de uma só vez. Durante o gozo, a mente, guiada pelo intelecto (buddhi), fixa-se em um só objeto sensorial por vez; daí não ocorrer a apreensão simultânea de múltiplos objetos.”

तत्रthere; in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नरव्याघ्रO tiger among men
नरव्याघ्र:
TypeNoun
Rootनरव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जन्तोःof a living being
जन्तोः:
TypeNoun
Rootजन्तु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विधीयतेis regulated/ordained; is directed
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (वि + धा)
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
तस्मात्therefore; from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
युगपत्simultaneously
युगपत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयुगपत्
त्रास्यof the frightened one / of one who is alarmed
त्रास्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रास्य (त्रस्)
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
ग्रहणम्grasping; apprehension
ग्रहणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रहण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपपद्यतेis possible; is appropriate
उपपद्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootपद् (उप + पद्)
FormPresent, Middle (Atmanepada), Third, Singular
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

सर्प उवाच

सर्प (the serpent, speaker)
नरव्याघ्र (addressed interlocutor, ‘tiger among men’)
नरश्रेष्ठ (addressed interlocutor, ‘best of men’)
मनस् (mind)
जन्तु (living being)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the mind functions by attending to one object at a time; because it is regulated and directed, simultaneous grasping of many sense-objects is not feasible. Ethically, it supports the idea that discipline of attention is central to self-control.

A serpent is instructing a human interlocutor (addressed as ‘naravyāghra’ and ‘naraśreṣṭha’) in a reflective, philosophical manner, explaining how the mind’s operation limits perception and enjoyment to a single object at a time.